Shape memory polymer foams for endovascular therapies

1. A system comprising:

a retention member comprising at least one of a stent, a diaphragm, or a coil;

an open cell, thermoset, shape memory polymer (SMP) foam including cells having sizes between 20 nanometers and 500 microns; and

a conduit configured to provide convective heating medium to the SMP foam;

a means for advancing the SMP foam within a patient's vasculature;

wherein (a)(i) the SMP foam surrounds the retention member in a plane that is orthogonal to a long axis of the retention member; (a)(ii) the SMP foam has hysteresis in a modulus temperature curve of the SMP foam.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the SMP foam has a thermal transition, between a glassy state and a rubbery state, which is higher during heating than during cooling.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein the hysteresis is 5 to 50 degrees Celsius.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein the hysteresis is in response to plasticization.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein the hysteresis is 5 to 50 degrees Celsius.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein the hysteresis is in response to plasticization.

7. The system of claim 1 wherein the retention member has shape memory.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein the retention member includes a SMP.

9. The system of claim 1 wherein the SMP foam has a primary shape, a compressed secondary shape, and in response to the convective heating medium is to transition from the compressed secondary shape to the primary shape.

10. The system of claim 1 comprising a shape memory member coupled to the retention member distal to the SMP foam, wherein:

the shape memory member is not contiguous with the SMP foam;

the shape memory member is configured to expand separately from the SMP foam.

11. The system of claim 1 comprising a shape memory member coupled to the retention member proximal to the SMP foam.

12. The system of claim 11 comprising an additional shape memory member coupled to the retention member distal to the SMP foam.

13. The system of claim 1 wherein the SMP foam is biodegradable.

14. The system of claim 1 comprising the convective heating medium.

15. A system comprising:

an open cell, thermoset, shape memory polymer (SMP) foam including cells having sizes between 20 nanometers and 500 microns; and

means for advancing the SMP foam within a patient's vasculature to a physical anomaly; and

means for restraining the SMP foam within the physical anomaly;

wherein the SMP foam has hysteresis in a modulus temperature curve of the SMP foam.

16. The system of claim 15 wherein (b)(i) the SMP foam has a thermal transition between a glassy state and a rubbery state that is higher during heating than during cooling, (b)(ii) the hysteresis is 5 to 50 degrees Celsius, and (b)(iii) the hysteresis is in response to plasticization.

17. A system comprising:

a retention member comprising at least one of a stent, a shape memory polymer (SMP) stent, a diaphragm, or a coil;

an open cell, thermoset, SMP foam including cells having sizes between 20 nanometers and 500 microns; and

a means for advancing the SMP foam within a patient's vasculature;

wherein (a)(i) the SMP foam surrounds the retention member in a plane that is orthogonal to a long axis of the retention member; (a)(ii) the SMP foam is configured to exhibit hysteresis in response to plasticization of the SMP foam.

18. The system of claim 17 wherein the SMP foam is configured to have a thermal transition between a glassy state and a rubber state that is higher during heating of the SMP foam than during cooling of the SMP foam.

19. The system of claim 17 wherein the means for advancing the SMP foam within a patient's vasculature includes a wire.

20. The system of claim 1 wherein the SMP foam is configured to expand in response to thermal stimulus.