Methods, processes, and apparatuses for producing welded substrates
A welding process may be configured to convert a substrate into a welded substrate by applying a process solvent to the substrate, wherein the process solvent interrupts one or more intermolecular force between one or more component in the substrate. The substrate may be configured as a natural fiber, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and silk. The process solvent may be configured as an ionic-liquid based solvent and the welded substrate may be a congealed network after the process solvent has been adequately swollen and/or mobilized the substrate. A welding process may be configured such that individual fibers of a substrate are not fully dissolved such that material in the fiber core may be left in the native state by controlling process variables. The welding process fibers may have a tenacity 10% or 20% greater or a diameter 25% less than that of a cellulosic-based yarn substrate.
1. A method for making a welded substrate, said method comprising the steps of:
a. providing a substrate having at least two fibers therein;
b. applying a process solvent to said substrate to create a process wetted substrate, wherein said process solvent is a mixture of a polar aprotic solvent and an ionic liquid, wherein the mixture has a molar ratio of at least 0.25 moles said polar aprotic solvent to 1.00 mole said ionic liquid, wherein an upper limit of said molar ratio is capped at a point at which said process solvent is no longer capable of swelling and mobilizing at least one polymer in said substrate such that said at least one polymer is capable of welding a first fiber of said substrate to a second fiber thereof in a specified duration of time, and wherein a mass ratio of said process solvent to said substrate is 4:1 or less;
c. controlling at least a temperature and said specified duration of time for which said process solvent interacts with said process wetted substrate, wherein said specified duration of time is not greater than 30 seconds such that said at least two fibers are welded to one another; and,
d. removing at least a portion of said process solvent from said process wetted substrate.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein said method is further defined such that said substrate moves in a non-linear fashion after said process solvent is applied thereto.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein said ionic liquid is further defined as comprising 3-ethyl-1-methylimidazolium acetate.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein said process solvent is further defined as being applied to said substrate at a temperature between 80° C. and 120° C.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein said step of removing at least said portion of said process solvent from said process wetted substrate is further defined as being performed via a reconstitution solvent to create a reconstituted wetted substrate.
6. The method according to claim 5 wherein said method further comprises the step of drying said reconstituted wetted substrate after said step of removing at least said portion of said process solvent from said process wetted substrate.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein said step of applying said process solvent is further defined as being performed via an injector.
8. The method according to claim 1 wherein said temperature during said step of controlling at least said temperature and said specified duration of time for which said process solvent interacts with said process wetted substrate is greater than a first temperature of said process solvent during said step of applying said process solvent.
9. The method according to claim 1 wherein said polar aprotic solvent is further defined as including dimethylsulfoxide.
10. The method according to claim 1 wherein said duration of time is further defined as not being greater than 15 seconds.
11. The method according to claim 1 wherein said molar ratio is further defined as being between 0.25 moles said polar aprotic solvent to 1.00 moles said ionic liquid and 4 moles said polar aprotic solvent to 1 mole ionic liquid.
12. The method according to claim 1 wherein said method is further defined such that said substrate moves in a linear fashion after said process solvent is applied thereto.
13. The method according to claim 1 wherein said process solvent is further defined as being applied to said substrate at a temperature less than 120° C.
14. A method of improving a yarn, said method comprising the steps of:
a. providing a cellulosic-based yarn substrate;
b. applying a process solvent to said cellulosic-based yarn substrate to make a process wetted substrate, wherein said process solvent is a mixture of a polar aprotic solvent and an ionic liquid having a molar ratio of at least 0.25 moles said polar aprotic solvent to 1.00 moles said ionic liquid, wherein an upper limit of said molar ratio is capped at a point at which said process solvent is no longer capable of swelling and mobilizing at least one polymer in said substrate such that said at least one polymer is capable of welding a first fiber of said substrate to a second fiber thereof in a specified duration of time;
c. controlling at least a temperature and said specified duration of time for which said process solvent interacts with said process wetted substrate, wherein said specified duration of time is not greater than 30 seconds; and,
d. removing at least a portion of said process solvent from said process wetted substrate to weld at least said first fiber of said cellulosic-based yarn substrate to said second fiber thereof.
15. The method according to claim 14 wherein a tenacity of said welded substrate is at least 10% greater than a corresponding mechanical strength of said cellulosic-based substrate.
16. The method according to claim 14 wherein a diameter of said welded substrate is at least 25% less than a diameter of said cellulosic-based substrate.
17. The method according to claim 14 wherein a tenacity of said welded substrate is at least 20% greater than that of said cellulosic-based yarn substrate.
18. The method according to claim 14 wherein a tenacity of said welded substrate is at least 30% greater than that of said cellulosic-based yarn substrate and said welded yarn substrate is further defined as having an elongation prior to breaking of at least 2.0%.
19. The method according to claim 14 wherein said polar aprotic solvent is further defined as including dimethylsulfoxide.
20. The method according to claim 14 wherein said process solvent is further defined as comprising 3-ethyl-1-methylimidazolium acetate.
21. The method according to claim 14 wherein said duration of time is further defined as not being greater than 15 seconds.
22. The method according to claim 14 wherein said molar ratio is further defined as being between 0.25 moles said polar aprotic solvent to 1.00 moles said ionic liquid and 4 moles said polar aprotic solvent to 1 mole ionic liquid.
23. A method for making a welded substrate, said method comprising the steps of:
a. providing a substrate having a plurality of fibers therein;
b. applying a process solvent to said cellulosic-based yarn substrate to make a process wetted substrate, wherein said process solvent is a mixture of a polar aprotic solvent and an ionic liquid having a molar ratio of at least 0.25 moles said polar aprotic solvent to 1.00 moles said ionic liquid, wherein an upper limit of said molar ratio is capped at a point at which said process solvent is no longer capable of swelling and mobilizing at least one polymer in said cellulostic-based yarn substrate such that said at least one polymer is capable of welding a first fiber of said cellulostic-based yarn substrate to a second fiber thereof in a specified duration of time;
c. controlling a degree to which said process solvent interacts with said substrate by adjusting a viscous drag of said method, wherein said viscous drag is a product of at least a viscosity of said process solvent and a mechanical force applied to said substrate or said process wetted substrate;
d. controlling at least a temperature and said specific duration of time for which said process solvent interacts with said process wetted substrate, wherein said specific duration of time is not greater than 30 seconds such that at least said first and second fibers are welded to one another; and,
e. removing at least a portion of said process solvent from said process wetted substrate.
24. The method according to claim 23 wherein said step of applying said process solvent to said substrate is further defined as employing an injector.
25. The method according to claim 23 wherein said substrate is further defined as a raw yarn substrate comprised of cotton.
26. The method according to claim 23 wherein said polar aprotic solvent is further defined as including dimethylsulfoxide.
27. The method according to claim 23 wherein said process solvent is further defined as comprising 3-ethyl-1-methylimidazolium acetate.
28. The method according to claim 23 wherein said duration of time is further defined as not being greater than 15 seconds.
29. The method according to claim 23 wherein said molar ratio is further defined as being between 0.25 moles said polar aprotic solvent to 1.00 moles said ionic liquid and 4 moles said polar aprotic solvent to 1 mole ionic liquid.
30. The method according to claim 23 wherein said temperature during said step of controlling at least said temperature and said specified duration of time for which said process solvent interacts with said process wetted substrate is greater than a first temperature of said process solvent during said step of applying said process solvent.