Integrated photovoltaic and electrochromic windows
A variety of methods for integrating an organic photovoltaic-based SolarWindow™ module and electrochromic materials to create dynamic, variable transmittance, energy-saving windows and/or window films are described. Stand-alone or building integrated, independent or user-controllable, battery supported or building integrated, and insulated glass unit or aftermarket film implementations are all described, providing for a diversity of applications. Low-cost fabrication options also allow for economical production.
1. A two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) comprising:
an outer pane on a sun-ward side of the window unit,
an inner pane on an opposite side of the outer pane from the sun-ward side of the window unit,
wherein the outer pane is coated on an inside surface of the IGU with a semitransparent organic photovoltaic module including one or more cells connected in series and/or parallel, and
wherein the inner pane is coated on an inside surface of the IGU with a single-polarity electrochromic window,
the outer pane and the inner pane being electrically connected such that a voltage produced by the semitransparent organic photovoltaic module, when illuminated, drives the electrochromic window into a low visible light transmission (VLT) state.
2. The two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) of claim 1 , further comprising manual controls and a battery.
3. The two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) of claim 2 , wherein the outer pane and the inner pane are electrically connected and include the manual controls and the battery arranged in parallel such that the electrochromic element can be driven to a dark state in an absence of a photovoltage.
4. The two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) of claim 2 , wherein the semitransparent organic photovoltaic module charges the battery.
5. The two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) of claim 2 , further comprising a polarity inverter that enables the battery to be used to speed a bleaching process of the electrochromic element.
6. The two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) of claim 2 , further comprising:
a polarity inverter between the battery and the single-polarity electrochromic element,
wherein the polarity inverter is configured to drive the single-polarity electrochromic element in reverse to allow rapid return to a high visible light transmission (VLT) state.
7. The two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) of claim 1 , wherein a full window area of the inner pane is coated with the single-polarity electrochromic element.
8. The two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) of claim 1 , wherein the two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) is self-controlled, varying a level of darkening of the single-polarity electrochromic window based on a degree of illumination of the semitransparent organic photovoltaic module.
9. The two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) of claim 1 , wherein variation of the voltage produced by the semitransparent organic photovoltaic module, depending on a degree of illumination of the semitransparent organic photovoltaic module, drives the electrochromic window into varying levels of darkening of the low visible light transmission (VLT) state.
10. A two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) comprising:
an outer pane on a sun-ward side of the window unit,
an inner pane on an opposite side of the outer pane from the sun-ward side of the window unit,
wherein the outer pane is coated on an inside surface of the IGU with a semitransparent organic photovoltaic module including one or more cells connected in series and/or parallel, and
wherein the inner pane is coated on an inside surface of the IGU with a single-polarity electrochromic window comprising one or more materials,
the outer pane and the inner pane being electrically connected such that a voltage produced by the semitransparent organic photovoltaic module, when illuminated, drives the electrochromic window into a low visible light transmission (VLT) state,
wherein the two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) is electrically connected to a building infrastructure and includes manual controls that can allow the electrochromic element to be driven to a dark state in an absence of a photovoltage using building power.
11. The two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) of claim 10 , wherein a full window area of the inner pane is coated with the single-polarity electrochromic element.
12. The two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) of claim 10 , wherein the single-polarity electrochromic window comprises at least one of WO 3 , MoO 3 , TiO 2 , U 2 O x , Bi 2 O 3 , PbO 2 , and CuO x .
13. A flexible plastic film comprising:
a flexible and transparent substrate;
an electrochromic component;
a semitransparent organic photovoltaic component coated monolithically on top of the electrochromic component; and
a common transparent conducting electrode connecting semitransparent organic photovoltaic cell(s) (anode) and an electrochromic device (cathode), the photovoltaic cathode being electrically connected with the electrochromic anode.
14. The flexible plastic film of claim 13 , further comprising a battery and switching elements.
15. The flexible plastic film of claim 14 , wherein the electrochromic device can be driven to a dark state by the battery in an absence of a photovoltage.
16. The flexible plastic film of claim 14 , wherein the semitransparent organic photovoltaic cell(s) charges the battery.