Methods to increase solid solution zirconium in aluminum alloys
A method of making an aluminum alloy containing zirconium includes heating a first composition comprising aluminum to a first temperature of greater than or equal to about 580° C. to less than or equal to about 800° C. The method further includes adding a second composition including a copper-zirconium compound to the first composition to form a third composition. The copper-zirconium compound of the second composition has a molar composition of greater than or equal to about 41% zirconium to less than or equal to about 67% zirconium and a balance of copper. The method also includes solidifying the third composition at a cooling rate of greater than or equal to about 0.1° C./second to less than or equal to about 100° C./second to a second temperature less than or equal to a solidus temperature and decomposing the copper-zirconium compound at a third temperature of less than or equal to about 715° C.
1. A method of making an aluminum alloy containing zirconium, the method comprising:
heating a first composition comprising aluminum to a first temperature of greater than or equal to about 580° C. to less than or equal to about 800° C.;
adding a second composition comprising a copper-zirconium intermetallic compound to the first composition to form a third composition, the copper-zirconium intermetallic compound of the second composition having a molar composition of greater than or equal to about 41% zirconium to less than or equal to about 67% zirconium and a balance of copper; and
solidifying the third composition at a cooling rate of greater than or equal to about 0.1° C./second to less than or equal to about 100° C./second to a second temperature less than or equal to a solidus temperature;
decomposing the copper-zirconium intermetallic compound into copper and zirconium at a third temperature after the solidifying; and
dissolving at least a portion of the zirconium from the decomposing in the aluminum to form a solid solution, thus forming the aluminum alloy.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the copper-zirconium intermetallic compound comprises CuZr.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heat treating the third composition to create the aluminum alloy containing zirconium, wherein the heat treating facilitates formation of one or more precipitates as a distinct phase in the aluminum alloy containing zirconium.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein at least a portion of the one or more precipitates comprise compounds of zirconium (Zr) and aluminum (Al).
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the portion of the one or more precipitates defines a dimension of less than or equal to about 500 micron (μm).
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the portion of the one or more precipitates defines a dimension of less than or equal to about 500 nanometers (nm).
7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the heat treating comprises:
heating the third composition to a fourth temperature of greater than or equal to a solvus temperature of the third composition to less than or equal to a solidus temperature of the third composition to form a solid solution;
quenching the solid solution to a fifth temperature of greater than or equal to about 20° C. to less than or equal to about 300° C. to form a quenched solid solution; and
heating the quenched solid solution to a sixth temperature greater than the fifth temperature to create the aluminum alloy containing zirconium.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum alloy containing zirconium comprises a casting aluminum alloy selected from the group consisting of: 2xx series, 3xx series, 4xx series, 5xx series, 7xx series, and combinations thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum alloy containing zirconium comprises a wrought aluminum alloy selected from the group consisting of: 2xxx series, 3xxx series, 4xxx series, 5xxx series, 6xxx series, 8xxx series, and combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum alloy containing zirconium comprises:
copper at greater than or equal to about 0.1% by mass to less than or equal to about 10% by mass; and
zirconium at greater than or equal to about 0.05% by mass to less than or equal to about 5% by mass.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the aluminum alloy containing zirconium comprises copper at greater than or equal to about 0.5% by mass to less than or equal to about 3% by mass.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum alloy containing zirconium comprises zirconium at greater than or equal to a liquid peritectic composition of zirconium in the aluminum alloy containing zirconium.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein an average grain size is greater than or equal to about 100 microns (μm) to less than or equal to about 500 microns (μm).
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum alloy containing zirconium comprises an average grain size of greater than or equal to about 10 microns (μm) to less than or equal to about 10 centimeter (cm).