Procedures for passive access control

1. A method for passive access control wherein a mobile device, serving as a transportation vehicle key, and a corresponding transportation vehicle wherein the mobile device and the transportation vehicle each has at least one data communication facility for exchanging authorization information, the method comprising:

carrying out an electronic distance measurement between the mobile device and the transportation vehicle based on a transit time measurement of a radio signal transmitted between the mobile device at the transportation vehicle, wherein the electronic distance measurement is performed at both the mobile device and the transportation vehicle, wherein the mobile device includes an electronic distance measuring facility and the transportation vehicle includes a plurality of electronic distance measuring facility each configured to determine distance between the mobile device and the respective one of the plurality of electronic distance measuring facilities included on the transportation vehicle; and

permitting an access and/or an interaction with the transportation vehicle only in response to the measured distance between the mobile device and at least one of the plurality of electronic distance measuring facilities included on the transportation vehicle being within a permitted distance distances measured by the electronic distance measuring facility of the mobile device and at least one of the plurality of electronic distance measuring facilities of the transportation vehicle being zero or less than a predetermined limit value.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the mobile device transmitting the measured distance determined by the electronic distance measuring facility of the mobile device to the transportation vehicle,

wherein the deviation is determined by the transportation vehicle.

3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising performing, between the mobile device and the transportation vehicle, an authentication method for authenticating the mobile device, wherein the access and/or interaction of the transportation vehicle is permitted only in response to successful authentication.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising performing a data exchange and/or an authentication method between the mobile device and the transportation vehicle via a service and/or a communication link.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electronic distance measurement performed by the mobile device and the transportation vehicle is carried out in response to detection of contact or proximity information detected by a component of the transportation vehicle.

6. A passive access system comprising:

a mobile device serving as a transportation vehicle key; and

a transportation vehicle,

wherein the mobile device and the transportation vehicle each has at least one data communication facility configured for exchanging authorization information,

wherein the mobile device has an electronic distance measuring facility and the transportation vehicle has a plurality of electronic distance measuring facilities, wherein each electronic distance measuring facility is configured for determining distance between the mobile device and the respective one of the plurality of electronic distance measuring facilities of the transportation vehicle,

wherein the electronic distance measurement of the distance between the mobile device and each of the plurality of electronic measuring facilities of the transportation vehicle is performed at both the mobile device and each of the plurality of electronic distance measurement facilities of the transportation vehicle,

wherein the mobile device in cooperation with the transportation vehicle permit an access and/or an interaction to the transportation vehicle only in response to distance of the mobile device from the at least one of the plurality of electronic distance measurement facilities of the transportation vehicle being within a permitted distance, and a deviation of the distances measured by the mobile device and the at least one of the plurality of the electronic distance measurement facilities of the transportation vehicle being zero or less than a predetermined limit value, and

wherein the electronic distance measurement performed at both each of the electronic distance measurement facilities is based on a transit-time measurement of a radio signal transmitted between the mobile device and the transportation vehicle.

7. The passive access system of claim 6 , wherein the data communication facilities exchange authorization information for authentication of the mobile device, and the access and/or interaction with the transportation vehicle is only permitted in response to successful authentication.

8. The passive access system of claim 6 , wherein the distance measuring facilities include radio-frequency transmitters and/or receivers.

9. The passive access system of claim 6 , wherein the distance measuring facility for the mobile device is attached or attachable to the mobile device or integrated into the mobile device during production of the mobile device.

10. The passive access system of claim 6 , wherein the distance measuring facilities are configured to detect reflected signals, wherein distance is calculated by the distance measuring facilities without reference to the reflected signals.

11. A transportation vehicle having a passive access system, comprising:

a plurality of electronic distance measuring facilities that determine distance between a mobile device and respective ones of the plurality of the electronic distance measuring facilities of the transportation vehicle,

wherein the mobile device serves as a key for the transportation vehicle,

wherein the mobile device and the transportation vehicle each have at least one data communication facility for exchanging authorization information,

wherein the mobile device includes an electronic distance measuring facility and the transportation vehicle comprises the plurality of electronic distance measuring facilities,

wherein electronic distance measurement is performed by each of the electronic distance measuring facilities at the mobile device and at the transportation vehicle based on a transit time measurement of a radio signal transmitted therebetween, wherein access and/or an interaction with the transportation vehicle is performed only in response to the distance between the mobile device and at least one of the plurality of electronic distance measuring facilities of the transportation vehicle being within a permitted distance, and a deviation of the distances measured by the plurality of electronic distance measuring facilities being zero or less than a predetermined limit value.

12. The vehicle of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of electronic distance measuring facilities of the transportation vehicle are attached or on the transportation vehicle or integrated in the transportation vehicle during production of the transportation vehicle.