Metal matrix composite creation
The present invention relates to tooling and methods for disposing, coating, building up, repairing, or otherwise modifying the surface of a metal substrate using frictional heating and compressive loading of a consumable metal material against the substrate. Embodiments of the invention include friction-based fabrication tooling comprising a non-consumable member with a throat and a consumable member disposed in the throat, wherein the throat is operably configured such that during rotation of the non-consumable member at a selected speed, the throat exerts normal forces on and rotates the consumable member at the selected speed; and comprising means for dispensing the consumable member through the throat and onto a substrate using frictional heating and compressive loading. Embodiments of the invention also include fabrication methods using the tools described herein.
1. A friction-based fabrication tool comprising:
a non-consumable member having a body and a throat;
a coating material disposed within the throat;
wherein the throat is shaped to exert a normal force on the coating material disposed therein along an entire length of the coating material disposed within the throat and imparts a rotation to the coating material from the body when rotated at a speed sufficient for imposing frictional heating of the coating material against a substrate;
wherein the body is operably connected with a downward force actuator which pushes the coating material through the throat of the non-consumable member resulting in frictional heating and compressive loading of the coating material onto the substrate and a motor for rotating and translating the body relative to the substrate; and
wherein the body comprises a surface for trapping coating material loaded on the substrate in a volume between the body and the substrate and for forming and shearing a surface of a coating on the substrate.
2. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the throat of the non-consumable member is shaped with a non-circular cross-sectional shape.
3. The tool of claim 2 , wherein the non-circular cross-sectional shape is a square, rectangle, ellipse, oval, triangle, non-circular polygon, star, daisy, key, or diamond.
4. The tool of claim 2 , wherein the throat of the non-consumable member is shaped to exert normal forces on a solid, powder, or powder-filled tube type coating material disposed therein.
5. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the throat of the non-consumable member is shaped to exert normal forces on a plurality of surfaces of the coating material disposed therein.
6. The tool of claim 5 , wherein the throat of the non-consumable member is shaped to exert normal forces on four or more surfaces of the coating material disposed therein.
7. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable mixing of dispensed coating material with material of the substrate at a coating-substrate interface.
8. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable coating of a wrought metal or metal matrix composite (MMC) material on a metal substrate with interfacial bonding.
9. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable coating of a wrought metal or metal matrix composite (MMC) material on a polymer substrate with interfacial bonding.
10. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable coating of a wrought metal or metal matrix composite (MMC) material on a ceramic substrate with interfacial bonding.
11. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable local changes in the surface composition or large area substrate surface modification.
12. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the throat is shaped to enable fabrication of in-situ metal matrix composite (MMC) material with enhanced mechanical properties and its consequent deposition on the substrate.
13. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable fabrication of Al—SiC coating with 10% SiC loading with improved hardness on Al-substrate.
14. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable fabrication of Al—SiC coating with 10% SiC loading with improved ductility/toughness.
15. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable metal matrix composite (MMC) coating with a homogenously dispersed ceramic phase into a metal phase.
16. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable Ni—Al bronze coating with refined microstructure for extreme wear applications.
17. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable coatings of Cu-alloys and steels with high interfacial bond strength and improved hardness.
18. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to disperse any oxides and enable coatings with high interfacial bond strength due to low oxide content at a coating-substrate interface.
19. A friction-based fabrication tool comprising:
a spindle member comprising a hollow interior for housing a coating material disposed therein prior to deposition on a substrate;
a coating material disposed within the hollow interior;
wherein the interior of the spindle is shaped to exert a normal force on the coating material disposed therein along an entire length of the coating material disposed within the hollow interior and imparts a rotation to the coating material during rotation of the spindle at a speed sufficient for imposing frictional heating of the coating material against the substrate;
wherein the spindle is operably connected with a downward force actuator which pushes the coating material through the throat of the non-consumable member resulting in frictional heating and compressive loading of the coating material onto the substrate and a motor for rotating and translating the spindle relative to the substrate; and
wherein the spindle comprises a shoulder surface with a flat surface geometry or a surface geometry with spiral or other surface features, and/or surface nubs for enhancing mechanical stirring of the loaded coating material, which shoulder surface is operably configured for trapping the loaded coating material in a volume between the shoulder and the substrate and for forming and shearing a surface of a coating on the substrate.
20. The tool of claim 19 , wherein the interior of the spindle is shaped with a non-circular cross-sectional shape.
21. The tool of claim 20 , wherein the non-circular cross-sectional shape is a square, rectangle, ellipse, oval, triangle, non-circular polygon, star, daisy, key, or diamond.
22. The tool of claim 20 , wherein the interior of the spindle is shaped to exert normal forces on a solid, powder, or powder-filled tube type coating material disposed therein.
23. The tool of claim 19 , wherein the interior of the spindle is shaped to exert normal forces on a plurality of surfaces of the coating material disposed therein.
24. The tool of claim 23 , wherein the interior of the spindle is shaped to exert normal forces on four or more surfaces of the coating material disposed therein.
25. The tool of claim 19 , wherein the frictional heating, compressive loading, and mechanical stirring are of a degree sufficient to enable mixing of dispensed coating material with material of the substrate at a coating-substrate interface.
26. The tool of claim 19 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable coating of a wrought metal or metal matrix composite (MMC) material on a metal substrate with interfacial bonding.
27. The tool of claim 19 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable coating of a wrought metal or metal matrix composite (MMC) material on a polymer substrate with interfacial bonding.
28. The tool of claim 19 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable coating of a wrought metal or metal matrix composite (MMC) material on a ceramic substrate with interfacial bonding.
29. The tool of claim 19 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable local changes in the surface composition or large area substrate surface modification.
30. The tool of claim 19 , wherein the throat is shaped to enable fabrication of in-situ metal matrix composite (MMC) material with enhanced mechanical properties and its consequent deposition on the substrate.
31. The tool of claim 19 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable fabrication of Al—SiC coating with 10% SiC loading with improved hardness on Al-substrate.
32. The tool of claim 19 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable fabrication of Al—SiC coating with 10% SiC loading with improved ductility/toughness.
33. The tool of claim 19 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable metal matrix composite (MMC) coating with a homogenously dispersed ceramic phase into a metal phase.
34. The tool of claim 19 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable Ni—Al bronze coating with refined microstructure for extreme wear applications.
35. The tool of claim 19 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable coatings of Cu-alloys and steels with high interfacial bond strength and improved hardness.
36. The tool of claim 19 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to disperse any oxides and enable coatings with high interfacial bond strength due to low oxide content at a coating-substrate interface.