Modular data center
Described are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer program products, relating to an air module and control thereof. An air module can include a controller, an air intake module configured to receive first air from a first air source and to receive second air from a second air source, a first cooling module in fluid communication with the air intake module, and a second cooling module in fluid communication with the first cooling module. The controller can be configured to cause the intake module to mix the first air and the second air to form intake air, and selectively cool the intake air to form supply air by at least one of causing the first cooling module to selectively cool the intake air, and causing the second cooling module to selectively cool the intake.
1. An air module comprising:
a controller;
an air intake module housed in a building having at least one exterior wall and comprising a return air intake damper fluidly coupled to receive return air from within the building as a first air source and an outside intake damper fluidly coupled to receive outside air through the at least one exterior wall from outside of the building as a second air source;
a first cooling module in fluid communication with the air intake module, the first cooling module comprising one or more evaporative cooling stages;
a second cooling module in fluid communication with the first cooling module, the second cooling module comprising a fluid-based heat exchanger; and
wherein the controller is configured to:
cause the air intake module to mix, based on at least a supply air temperature set point, the first air and the second air to form intake air, and
selectively cool the intake air to form supply air by at least one of causing the first cooling module to selectively cool, based on at least the supply air temperature set point, the intake air, and causing the second cooling module to selectively cool the intake air based on at least the supply air temperature set point.
2. The air module of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
form the supply air substantially from the first air, if:
a temperature of the first air is less than the supply air temperature set point.
3. The air module of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
form the supply air by mixing the first air and the second air, if:
a first temperature of the first air is greater than the supply air temperature set point,
a second temperature of the second air is less than or equal to the supply air temperature set point, and
a dew point of the second air is less than or equal to an upper limit of a dew point range and greater than or equal to a lower limit of the dew point range.
4. The air module of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
form mixed air by mixing the first air and the second air, if:
a first temperature of the first air is greater than the supply air temperature set point,
a second temperature of the second air is less than the first temperature,
a dew point of the second air is less than a lower limit of a dew point range, and
a wet bulb temperature of the second air is less than or equal to a wet bulb temperature corresponding to the supply air temperature set point at the lower limit of a dew point range; and
form the supply air by evaporatively cooling mixed air with the first cooling module.
5. The air module of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
form supply air substantially from the second air by evaporatively cooling the second air with the first cooling module, if:
a first temperature of the first air is greater than the supply air temperature set point,
a second temperature of the second air is greater than the supply air temperature set point,
a dew point of the second air is less than or equal to an upper limit of a dew point range, and
a wet bulb temperature of the second air is within an evaporative cooling wet bulb temperature range.
6. The air module of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
form supply air substantially from the first air by mechanically cooling the first air with the second cooling module, if:
a dew point of the second air is greater than an upper limit of a dew point range,
a dew point of the first air is less than or equal to an upper limit of a dew point range, and
a first temperature of the first air is greater than the supply air temperature set point; and
form supply air substantially from the first air by mechanically cooling the first air with the second cooling module, if:
a wet bulb temperature of the second air is greater than or equal to an upper limit of an evaporative cooling wet bulb temperature range,
a dew point of the first air is less than or equal to an upper limit of a dew point range, and
a first temperature of the first air is greater than the supply air temperature set point.
7. The air module of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
form supply air substantially from the first air by mechanically cooling the first air with the second cooling module, if:
a dew point of the first air is greater than an upper limit of a dew point range, and
a dew point of the second air is greater than the upper limit of a dew point range; and
form supply air substantially from the first air by mechanically cooling the first air with the second cooling module, if:
a dew point of the first air is greater than an upper limit of a dew point range, and
a wet bulb temperature of the second air is greater than or equal to an upper limit of an evaporative cooling wet bulb temperature range.
8. The air module of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
form supply air substantially from the second air by evaporatively cooling the second air with the first cooling module, if:
a dew point of the first air is less than a lower limit of a dew point range;
a dew point of the second air is less than the lower limit of the dew point range;
a first temperature of the first air is greater than the supply air temperature set point;
a second temperature of the second air is greater than the first temperature of the first air; and
a wet bulb temperature of the second air is less than a wet bulb temperature corresponding to the supply air temperature set point at the lower limit of the dew point range.
9. The air module of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
form mixed air by mixing the first air at a first temperature and the second air at a second temperature, if:
the second temperature of the second air is greater than the first temperature of the first air;
a dew point of the first air is greater than a lower limit of a dew point range; and
a dew point of the second air is less than the lower limit the dew point range; and
form the supply air by evaporatively cooling the mixed air with the first cooling module.
10. A computer implemented method for controlling an air module comprising:
generating, by a controller, a first instruction to cause an intake module to selectively mix, based upon a supply air temperature set point, first air and second air to form intake air, the intake module housed in a building having at least one exterior wall and comprising a return air intake damper fluidly coupled to receive return air from within the building as a first air and an outside intake damper fluidly coupled to receive outside air through the at least one exterior wall from outside of the building as a second air;
generating, by the controller, a second instruction to selectively cool the intake air to form supply air, wherein the second instruction comprises at least one of instructions to cause a first cooling module to selectively cool, based on at least the supply air temperature set point, the intake air, and instructions to cause a second cooling module to selectively cool, based on at least the supply air temperature set point, the intake air, the first cooling module comprising one or more evaporative cooling stages and the second cooling module comprising a fluid-based heat exchanger; and
operating the air module according the first and second instructions.
11. The method of claim 10 ,
wherein the first instruction comprises instructions to form the intake air substantially from the first air, if:
a temperature of the first air is less than the supply air temperature set point.
12. The method of claim 10 ,
wherein the first instruction comprises instructions to form the intake air by mixing the first air and the second air, if:
a first temperature of the first air is greater than the supply air temperature set point,
a second temperature of the second air is less than or equal to the supply air temperature set point, and
a dew point of the second air is less than or equal to an upper limit of a dew point range and greater than or equal to a lower limit of the dew point range.
13. The method of claim 10 ,
wherein the first instruction comprises instructions to form intake air by mixing the first air and the second air and the second instruction comprises instructions to cause the first cooling module to selectively cool, based on at least the supply air temperature set point, the intake air, if:
a first temperature of the first air is greater than the supply air temperature set point,
a second temperature of the second air is less than the first temperature,
a dew point of the second air is less than a lower limit of a dew point range, and
a wet bulb temperature of the second air is less than or equal to a wet bulb temperature corresponding to the supply air temperature set point at the lower limit of a dew point range.
14. The method of claim 10 ,
wherein the first instruction comprises instructions to create intake air substantially from second air and the second instruction comprises instructions to cause the first cooling module to selectively cool, based on at least the supply air temperature set point, the intake air, if:
a first temperature of the first air is greater than the supply air temperature set point,
a second temperature of the second air is greater than the supply air temperature set point,
a dew point of the second air is less than or equal to an upper limit of a dew point range, and
a wet bulb temperature of the second air is within an evaporative cooling wet bulb temperature range.
15. The method of claim 10 ,
wherein the first instruction comprises instructions to create intake air substantially from first air, wherein the second instruction comprises instructions to cause the second cooling module to selectively cool, based on at least the supply air temperature set point, the intake air, if:
a dew point of the second air is greater than an upper limit of a dew point range,
a dew point of the first air is less than or equal to an upper limit of a dew point range, and
a first temperature of the first air is greater than the supply air temperature set point; and
wherein the first instruction comprises instructions to create intake air substantially from first air and the second instruction comprises instructions to cause the second cooling module to selectively cool, based on at least the supply air temperature set point, the intake air, if:
a wet bulb temperature of the second air is greater than or equal to an upper limit of an evaporative cooling wet bulb temperature range,
a dew point of the first air is less than or equal to an upper limit of a dew point range, and
a first temperature of the first air is greater than the supply air temperature set point.
16. The method of claim 10 ,
wherein the first instruction comprises instructions to create intake air substantially from first air and the second instruction comprises instructions to cause the second cooling module to selectively cool, based on at least the supply air temperature set point, the intake air, if:
a dew point of the first air is greater than an upper limit of a dew point range, and
a dew point of the second air is greater than the upper limit of a dew point range; and
wherein the first instruction comprises instructions to create intake air substantially from first air and the second instruction comprises instructions to cause the second cooling module to selectively cool, based on at least the supply air temperature set point, the intake air, if:
a dew point of the first air is greater than an upper limit of a dew point range, and
a wet bulb temperature of the second air is greater than or equal to an upper limit of an evaporative cooling wet bulb temperature range.
17. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
wherein the first instruction comprises instructions to create intake air substantially from second air and the second instruction comprises instructions to cause the first cooling module to selectively cool, based on at least the supply air temperature set point, the intake air, if:
a dew point of the first air is less than a lower limit of a dew point range;
a dew point of the second air is less than the lower limit of the dew point range;
a first temperature of the first air is greater than the supply air temperature set point;
a second temperature of the second air is greater than the first temperature of the first air; and
a wet bulb temperature of the second air is less than a wet bulb temperature corresponding to the supply air temperature set point at the lower limit of the dew point range.
18. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
wherein the first instruction comprises instructions to form intake air by mixing the first air at a first temperature and the second air at a second temperature, and the second instruction comprises instructions to cause the first cooling module to selectively cool, based on the at least the supply air temperature set point, the intake air, if:
the second temperature of the second air is greater than the first temperature of the first air;
a dew point of the first air is greater than a lower limit of a dew point range; and
a dew point of the second air is less than the lower limit the dew point range.