Process chamber for etching low K and other dielectric films
Methods and process chambers for etching of low-k and other dielectric films are described. For example, a method includes modifying portions of the low-k dielectric layer with a plasma process. The modified portions of the low-k dielectric layer are etched selectively over a mask layer and unmodified portions of the low-k dielectric layer. Etch chambers having multiple chamber regions for alternately generating distinct plasmas are described. In embodiments, a first charge coupled plasma source is provided to generate an ion flux to a workpiece in one operational mode, while a secondary plasma source is provided to provide reactive species flux without significant ion flux to the workpiece in another operational mode. A controller operates to cycle the operational modes repeatedly over time to remove a desired cumulative amount of the dielectric material.
1. A method of etching a dielectric film, the method comprising:
loading a workpiece into an etch chamber;
modifying a top thickness of the dielectric film disposed on the workpiece by bombarding the workpiece with a low energy flux of non-reactive ions from a capacitively coupled plasma of a first source gas energized within a first chamber region, wherein the first chamber region is between a chuck supporting the workpiece and a first showerhead;
etching the modified top thickness of the dielectric film selectively over the dielectric film disposed under the top thickness by exposing the workpiece to a reactive species generated by a plasma of a second source gas energized in a second chamber region, wherein the second chamber region is disposed above the showerhead, opposite the chuck;
cyclically repeating both the modifying and etching until an etch process termination criteria is met; and
unloading the workpiece from the etch chamber.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric film comprises carbon and wherein the modifying comprises reducing the carbon content within the top thickness of the dielectric film.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the capacitive coupled plasma is generated by driving the chuck with an RF source to provide the workpiece with an RF bias potential.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the plasma of the second source gas comprises a capacitive RF discharge, a DC discharge, or an inductive RF discharge.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising depositing a protection layer on an etched sidewall of the dielectric film by generating a oxidizing plasma from of a third source gas within the second chamber region and reacting a silicon-containing precursor with a reactive species from the oxidizing plasma within the first chamber region.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein depositing the protection layer further comprises depositing a carbon-doped silicon oxide on the workpiece periodically after a predetermined number of modifying and etching cycles.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first source gas includes at least one of argon, neon, xenon, helium, and wherein the second source gas comprises at least NF 3 and a hydrogen source.
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein the workpiece is controlled to a predetermined elevated temperature of at least 80° C. during the etching.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the workpiece is maintained at the predetermined elevated temperature during the entire etch process.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the dielectric film comprises a low-k dielectric.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the plasma of the first source gas is anisotropic for ion milling and wherein the plasma of the second source gas is isotropic for etching.
12. A method of etching, the method comprising:
loading a workpiece onto a chuck in an etch chamber, the workpiece having a dielectric film disposed thereon;
modifying a top thickness of the dielectric film disposed on the workpiece with a first plasma formed within a first chamber region to form a modified surface of the dielectric film on a non-modified portion of the dielectric film, wherein the first chamber region is between the chuck and a first showerhead;
etching the modified surface of the dielectric film selectively over the non-modified portion of the dielectric film with a second plasma formed in a second chamber region, wherein the second chamber region is disposed above the showerhead, opposite the chuck;
cyclically repeating both the modifying and etching; and
unloading the workpiece from the etch chamber.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the dielectric film comprises carbon and wherein the modifying comprises reducing the carbon content within the top thickness of the dielectric film.
14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising depositing a protection layer on an etched sidewall of the dielectric film.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein depositing the protection layer further comprises depositing a carbon-doped silicon oxide on the workpiece periodically after a predetermined number of modifying and etching cycles.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the workpiece is controlled to a predetermined elevated temperature of at least 80° C. during the etching.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the workpiece is maintained at the predetermined elevated temperature during the entire etch process.
18. The method of claim 12 wherein the dielectric film comprises a low-k dielectric.