Systems and methods for renewable fuel
The present application generally relates to the introduction of a renewable fuel oil as a feedstock into refinery systems or field upgrading equipment. For example, the present application is directed to methods of introducing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into a petroleum conversion unit; for example, a refinery fluid catalytic cracker (FCC), a coker, a field upgrader system, a hydrocracker, and/or hydrotreating unit; for co-processing with petroleum fractions, petroleum fraction reactants, and/or petroleum fraction feedstocks and the products, e.g., fuels, and uses and value of the products resulting therefrom.
1. A method, comprising:
i) pre-mixing a non-hydrotreated renewable fuel oil with a first petroleum fraction to form a mixture, the mixture containing 20-80 wt. % of the non-hydrotreated renewable fuel oil, wherein the first petroleum fraction comprises one or more of a first vacuum gas oil, a first heavy gas oil, a first middle distillate feedstock, or a first heavy-middle distillate feedstock; and
ii) co-processing the mixture with a second petroleum fraction in a fluidized catalytic cracker, wherein the second petroleum fraction comprises one or more of a second vacuum gas oil, a second heavy gas oil, a second middle distillate feedstock, or a second heavy-middle distillate feedstock.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the total weight of non-hydrotreated renewable fuel oil co-processed is 1-5 wt. %, relative to combined weight of the mixture and the second petroleum fraction.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the total weight of non-hydrotreated renewable fuel oil co-processed, relative to the weight of the second petroleum fraction, is 0.05-7 wt. %.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture contains 40-60 wt. % of the non-hydrotreated renewable fuel oil.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the non-hydrotreated renewable fuel oil is an unenriched renewable fuel oil.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the non-hydrotreated renewable fuel oil is a product of grinding and non-catalytic rapid thermal processing of a non-hydrotreated cellulosic biomass to convert at least 60 wt. % of the cellulosic biomass to the non-hydrotreated renewable fuel oil.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the rapid thermal processing and the fluidized catalytic cracking occur in a refinery.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the non-hydrotreated renewable fuel oil is a whole liquid product of the non-catalytic rapid thermal processing.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the non-hydrotreated renewable fuel oil is a primary condenser fraction of the non-catalytic rapid thermal processing.
10. The method of claim 4 , wherein the non-hydrotreated renewable fuel oil is formed by a process comprising devolatilization of a liquid product of rapid thermal processing.
11. The method of claim 4 , wherein the non-hydrotreated renewable fuel oil has a flash point greater than 62° C. according to ASTM D-93.
12. The method of claim 4 , wherein the non-hydrotreated renewable fuel oil has:
i) a carbon content of at least 40 wt. % on a moisture-free basis;
ii) an oxygen content of 20-50 wt. % on a moisture-free basis; and
iii) a water content of 10-40 wt. %.
13. The method of claim 4 , wherein the total weight of non-hydrotreated renewable fuel oil co-processed, relative to the weight of the second petroleum fraction, is 0.05-7 wt. %.
14. The method of claim 4 , further comprising: forming a D-Code 3-compliant fuel and/or a D-Code 7-compliant fuel.
15. The method of claim 4 , wherein the mixture and the second petroleum fraction are introduced to the fluidized catalytic cracker at separate injection points.
16. The method of claim 4 , wherein the mixture and the second petroleum fraction are co-injected into the catalytic cracker.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the mixture and the second petroleum fraction are mixed prior to the co-injection.
18. A method, comprising:
i) pre-mixing a non-hydrotreated renewable fuel oil with a first petroleum fraction to form a mixture, the mixture containing 0.005-5 wt. % of the non-hydrotreated renewable fuel oil, wherein the first petroleum fraction comprises one or more of a first vacuum gas oil, a first heavy gas oil, a first middle distillate feedstock, or a first heavy-middle distillate feedstock; and
ii) co-processing the mixture with a second petroleum fraction in a fluidized catalytic cracker, wherein the second petroleum fraction comprises one or more of a second vacuum gas oil, a second heavy gas oil, a second middle distillate feedstock, or a second heavy-middle distillate feedstock.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the total weight of non-hydrotreated renewable fuel oil co-processed, relative to the weight of the second petroleum fraction, is 0.05-7 wt. %.