Biomarkers for diagnosis and management of neuro-immunological diseases
Biomarkers associated with neuroimmunological disease are described. The disclosed biomarkers are secreted proteins identified in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with neurological disease. The disclosed biomarkers identify patients with intrathecal inflammation, distinguish multiple sclerosis (MS) patients from patients with other types of inflammatory neurological diseases and from subjects without MS, distinguish progressive MS patients from patients with relapsing-remitting MS, identify subjects with non-MS inflammatory neurological diseases, differentiate healthy subjects from patients with any type of neurological disease, and/or identify subjects with increased disability, CNS tissue damage and/or neurodegeneration. Process-specific biomarkers that can be used in place of a brain biopsy to identify immune cell infiltration and/or activation in the CNS are also described. Methods of treating subject with neurological disease, and methods of evaluating the efficacy of particular treatments, based on detection of the disclosed biomarkers are also described.
1. A method of identifying a subject as having multiple sclerosis (MS), comprising:
measuring biomarkers in a cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) sample obtained from the subject, wherein the biomarkers comprise the ratio of FLT4 to TNFRSF17, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to CD48, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to IL16, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to TNFRSF6B, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to CD163, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to SHC1, TNFRSF17, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to UFC1, the ratio of LY9 to IGHG1, the ratio of LTA LTB to IGHG1, MMP7, SLAMF7, TNFRSF1B, IGHG1, CD48, VCAM1, CHIT1 and PLA2G5; and
identifying the subject as having MS if there is an increase in TNFRSF17, MMP7, SLAMF7, TNFRSF1B, CD48, VCAM1, CHIT1, PLA2G5, IGHG1, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to CD48, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to IL16, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to TNFRSF6B, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to CD163, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to SHC1, and the ratio of TNFRSF17 to UFC1, and a decrease in the ratio of FLT4 to TNFRSF17, the ratio of LY9 to IGHG1, and the ratio of LTA LTB to IGHG1, compared to a control, thereby identifying the subject as having MS.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the type of MS is primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) or relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising obtaining a CSF sample from the subject.
4. A method of treating MS in a subject, comprising:
selecting a subject having an increase or decrease in biomarkers in a CSF sample obtained from the subject relative to a control, wherein the biomarkers that are decreased comprise the ratio of FLT4 to TNFRSF17, the ratio of LY9 to IGHG1, and the ratio of LTA LTB to IGHG1 and the biomarkers that are increased comprise TNFRSF17, MMP7, SLAMF7, TNFRSF1B, CD48, VCAM1, CHIT1, PLA2G5, IGHG1, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to CD48, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to IL16, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to TNFRSF6B, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to CD163, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to SHC1, and the ratio of TNFRSF17 to UFC1; and
administering to the subject an immunomodulatory therapy, thereby treating MS in the subject.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the type of MS is primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) or relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the immunomodulatory therapy comprises administration of a T cell depleting agent, administration of a B cell depleting agent, or both.
7. A method of evaluating the effectiveness of a therapy for treating MS in a subject, comprising measuring biomarkers in a CSF sample obtained from the subject before treatment and in a CSF sample obtained from the subject after treatment, wherein the biomarkers comprise the ratio of FLT4 to TNFRSF17, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to CD48, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to IL16, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to TNFRSF6B, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to CD163, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to SHC1, TNFRSF17, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to UFC1, the ratio of LY9 to IGHG1, the ratio of LTA LTB to IGHG1, MMP7, SLAMF7, TNFRSF1B, IGHG1, CD48, VCAM1, CHIT1 and PLA2G5, and wherein a decrease in TNFRSF17, MMP7, SLAMF7, TNFRSF1B, CD48, VCAM1, CHIT1, PLA2G5, IGHG1, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to CD48, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to IL16, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to TNFRSF6B, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to CD163, the ratio of TNFRSF17 to SHC1, and the ratio of TNFRSF17 to UFC1 and an increase in the ratio of FLT4 to TNFRSF17, the ratio of LY9 to IGHG1, and the ratio of LTA LTB to IGHG1 in the sample obtained after treatment compared to the sample obtained before treatment indicates the therapy is effective for the treatment of MS in the subject.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the type of MS is primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) or relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the treatment comprises an immunomodulatory therapy.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the immunomodulatory therapy comprises administration of a T cell depleting agent, administration of a B cell depleting agent, or both.