Joined incompatible metallic parts and method of joining
A technique for joining parts of incompatible metals involves cold spraying a 150-900 micron thick layer of a metal compatible with the second part onto the first part, and friction stir joining the parts by lap welding while keeping a tool of the FSJ tool at least 300 microns away from the first part (less layer) throughout the joining, to avoid damaging the cold spray to first part interface, and formation of intermetallics. Fatigue resistance was tested, with and without a sealant.
1. A process for joining first and second metallic parts respectively having more of a first metal and second metal than any other element by weight, with the first metal being incompatible with the second metal, and the first metal having a lower propensity to cold plasticization than the second metal, the process comprising:
providing the first part with a surface for joining to a meeting surface of the second part;
cold spraying onto the surface a 150-900 μm thick layer of a third metal that is compatible with the second metal;
placing the coated surface against the meeting surface; and
lap welding the two parts by friction stir joining while keeping a friction stir tool at least 300 μm away from the first metal throughout the joining.
2. The process according to claim 1 wherein the third metal is the same as the second metal.
3. The process according to claim 1 wherein the third metal is Al or an Al-base alloy.
4. The process according to claim 1 wherein the second part contains more than 50 wt. % Al.
5. The process according to claim 1 wherein the first part has a higher hardness than the second part.
6. The process according to claim 1 wherein the cold spray layer is 185-500 μm thick.
7. The process according to claim 1 wherein throughout the joining the friction stir tool is kept a distance of less than 300 μm away from an interface between the cold sprayed layer and the second part.
8. The process according to claim 1 wherein the first part is composed of one of: a steel, an alloy of titanium, an alloy of magnesium, a strengthened copper alloy, or a composite with most of the surface composed of one of: a steel, an alloy of titanium, an alloy of magnesium, or a strengthened copper alloy.
9. A join comprising:
a first metallic part comprising more of a first metal by weight than any other species;
a second metallic part comprising more of a second metal by weight than any other species, the first and second metals being incompatible, and the first part having a lower propensity to cold plasticization than the second part; and
a 150-900 μm thick layer between the first and second parts, the layer being of a metal compatible with the second part, and having a morphology and interface with the first part, consistent with cold spray deposition of the layer;
wherein a stir zone of dynamically recrystallized material runs from a side of the second part towards the first part, the stir zone having a concentric ring formation and being consistent with friction stir joining of the second part to the first part where a friction stir tool is kept at least 300 μm away from the first metal throughout the joining.
10. The join of claim 9 wherein the stir zone and an interface between the layer and first part is substantially devoid of intermetallics.
11. The join of claim 9 wherein the morphology features an accretion of partially distinct, plastically deformed particles, away from the stir zone.
12. The join of claim 9 wherein a sealant fills a space between the first and second parts away from the stir zone.
13. The join of claim 9 wherein the second metal and compatible metal are Al.
14. The join of claim 9 wherein the second metal and compatible metal are Al or Mg, and the first metal is one of steel, Ti, Cu, or Mg.