Pyrolysis reactor systems
A pyrolysis reactor system includes a reactor and a contactor mounted above the reactor. The reactor has a shell, an inlet and an outlet. A central shaft runs along its axis and supports agitation blades in a counter-helical arrangement, and an auger. Rotation of the auger in one direction feeds feedstock into the vessel, and in the opposite direction removes char at the end of a batch. The contactor includes four elements with a frusto-conical part supported on vertical support arms, and being connected to a disc by legs. The contactor elements allow short chains to pass through apertures while long chains condense on their surfaces or on the vessel wall surface. There is dynamic tuning of carbon number of gases flowing downstream by active temperature and pressure control at the contactor.
1. A pyrolysis reactor system comprising a reactor and a contactor mounted above the reactor, wherein the contactor comprises at least one contactor element mounted within a vessel having a wall with an internal surface and being arranged for the flow of gas components back into the reactor,
wherein the contactor elements include at least one perforated element which is sloped upwardly and radially towards the vessel wall,
wherein:
the vessel has a jacket surrounding the contactor element or elements,
said jacket has a lower inlet and an upper outlet and a pump for pumping a heat exchange fluid into and around the jacket,
at least one perforated contactor element has a frusto-conical shaped component, with its apex facing downwards towards the reactor, in which an upper edge is adjacent said internal surface and there is a baffle plate mounted below the apex, and
the reactor system further comprises a temperature controller configured to pump coolant into the jacket inlet at a temperature chosen according to desired carbon chain length condensation within the contactor, and a pressure controller configured to control pressure in the contactor according to said desired carbon chain length condensation within the contactor.
2. The pyrolysis reactor system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said baffle plate is disc-shaped.
3. The pyrolysis reactor system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein there are two or more contactor elements.
4. The pyrolysis reactor system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor is arranged with a longitudinal axis directed upwardly towards the contactor, and a feedstock inlet is at its lower end, and wherein the reactor comprises an auger arranged to deliver feedstock into the reactor vessel when rotating in one direction, and for delivering char out through the feedstock inlet when rotating in the opposite direction.
5. The pyrolysis reactor system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises agitation blades for rotating on a central shaft in close proximity to a reactor vessel inner surface at a lower end of the reactor.
6. The pyrolysis reactor system as claimed in claim 5 , wherein there are counter-helical agitation blades.
7. The pyrolysis reactor system as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the agitation blades are supported on radial arms.
8. The pyrolysis reactor system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises agitation blades for rotating on a central shaft in close proximity to a reactor vessel inner surface at a lower end of the reactor, and wherein the agitation blades are supported on radial arms, and wherein the agitation blades only extend upwardly for a limited part of the longitudinal axis from the feedstock inlet.
9. The pyrolysis reactor system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises agitation blades for rotating on a central shaft in close proximity to a reactor vessel inner surface at a lower end of the reactor, and wherein a lower blade is arranged to scrape char from a lower domed vessel wall.
10. The pyrolysis reactor system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises agitation blades for rotating on a central shaft in close proximity to a reactor vessel inner surface at a lower end of the reactor, and wherein a lower blade is arranged to scrape char from a lower domed vessel wall, and wherein said lower blade is supported by radial arms extending from a central shaft and by brackets extending in the longitudinal direction from the lower blade to a radial arm at a location on said radial arm between the shaft and the vessel wall.
11. The pyrolysis reactor system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises agitation blades for rotating on a central shaft in close proximity to a reactor vessel inner surface at a lower end of the reactor, and wherein a lower blade is arranged to scrape char from a lower domed vessel wall, and wherein the reactor outlet is offset from the longitudinal axis.
12. A method of operation of a reactor system comprising a reactor and a contactor mounted above the reactor, wherein the contactor comprises at least one contactor element mounted within a vessel having a wall and being arranged for flow of gas components back into the reactor, wherein the contactor elements include at least one perforated element which is sloped upwardly and radially towards the vessel wall, wherein the vessel has a jacket surrounding the contactor element or elements, and wherein the jacket has a lower inlet and an upper outlet and a pump for pumping a heat exchange fluid into and around the jacket, the method comprising the controller:
dynamically tuning composition of outlet gases according to molecular string size by controlling contactor temperature and pressure, and in which said tuning comprises increasing temperature and decreasing pressure to achieve longer length chains of gas components.
13. The method as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the temperature control is performed within a temperature range of 240° C. to 300° C.
14. The method as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the pressure control is performed within a pressure range of −150 mBar to +350 mBar.
15. The method as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the pressure control is achieved by management of back-pressure downstream of the contactor.