Metal assembly comprising a superconductor
A metal assembly ( 1 ) suitable for being wound into a coil and used in DC magnet applications. The metal assembly comprises an insulated superconductive wire ( 2 ) extending in a longitudinal direction. The insulated superconductive wire comprises a superconductive wire ( 4 ), comprising a material ( 5 ) that exhibits superconducting properties within a defined temperature range embedded in a metal matrix ( 6 ), and an electrically insulating layer ( 7 ) arranged as a coating on the superconductive wire. The metal assembly further comprises a thermal conduction element ( 3 ) comprising a thermally conductive material arranged as a layer at least partly surrounding the insulated superconductive wire, such that the metal assembly, when wound into a coil, exhibits isotropic or essentially isotropic thermal conduction properties.
1. A metal assembly ( 1 ) comprising at least one insulated superconductive wire ( 2 ) extending in a longitudinal direction, wherein the at least one insulated superconductive wire ( 2 ) comprises:
a superconductive wire ( 4 ), comprising a material ( 5 ) that exhibits superconducting properties within a defined temperature range embedded in a metal matrix ( 6 ), and
an electrically insulating layer ( 7 ) arranged as a coating on the superconductive wire ( 4 ), wherein the electrically insulating layer ( 7 ) comprises a polymer based insulator having a resistivity of at least 10 7 Ωm,
characterized in
that the metal assembly ( 1 ) further comprises a thermal conduction element ( 3 ) comprising a thermally conductive material arranged as a layer at least partly surrounding the at least one insulated superconductive wire ( 2 ), such that the metal assembly ( 1 ), when wound into a coil, exhibits isotropic or essentially isotropic thermal conduction properties, wherein the thermally conductive material is chosen from copper, copper alloy, aluminium, aluminium alloy, or a composite comprising copper and aluminium.
2. The metal assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the metal assembly further comprises a highly electrically resistive layer arranged as a coating on the thermal conduction element ( 3 ).
3. The metal assembly according to claim 2 , wherein said highly electrically resistive layer is a metallic layer comprising chromium, nickel, tin, or alloys thereof.
4. The metal assembly according to claim 2 , wherein said highly electrically resistive layer is a ceramic or oxide layer comprising aluminium oxide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, or alumina-titania.
5. The metal assembly according to claim 2 , wherein said highly electrically resistive layer is an electrically insulating organic polymer film.
6. The metal assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal conduction element ( 3 ) has an average layer thickness of at least 0.2 times the equivalent diameter of the at least one insulated superconductive wire ( 2 ).
7. The metal assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal conduction element ( 3 ) and the metal matrix ( 6 ) within the at least one insulated superconductive wire ( 2 ) together have a volume of at least two times the volume of the material ( 5 ) that exhibits superconducting properties within a defined temperature range.
8. The metal assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the thermally conductive material is chosen from high purity copper, high purity aluminium, or copper-clad aluminium composite.
9. The metal assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the electrically insulating layer ( 7 ) comprises an insulator having a resistivity of at least 10 10 Ωm.
10. The metal assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer based insulator is selected from the group of polyvinyl acetal resins, polyethylenimine (PEI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), glass fiber, polyester, and polyimide (PI).
11. The metal assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the metal assembly ( 1 ) is arranged as a wire-in-channel structure, in which the at least one insulated superconductive wire ( 2 ) is arranged in a longitudinal groove in the thermal conduction element ( 3 ).
12. The metal assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal conduction element ( 3 ) is arranged as a layer completely surrounding the at least one insulated superconductive wire ( 2 ).
13. The metal assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the metal assembly further comprises a metal mesh arranged outermost in the metal assembly.
14. A coil for an electromagnet comprising a metal assembly ( 1 ) according to claim 1 .
15. A conduction cooled electromagnet comprising a coil according to claim 14 .
16. A cryogen cooled electromagnet comprising a coil according to claim 14 .