Particulate matter/number synchronization measurement device
An emissions measurement system capable of providing an accurate, real-time estimate of particle number (PN)/particulate matter (PM) within exhaust is disclosed. The system is capable of accurately differentiating the size and composition of PM/PN by synchronizing dissimilarly configured sensors. The exhaust may be generated by an internal combustion engine, in which case the system may be sequentially connected to the exhaust from the internal combustion engine.
1. An emissions measurement system comprising:
an emissions sample inlet;
at least three sensors connected to the emissions sample inlet, wherein the sensors are sequentially connected in a linear arrangement and wherein each of the at least three sensors is configured to perform a different measurement of a sample;
an emissions sample outlet connected to the at least three sensors;
a sensor cartridge defining the emissions sample inlet and the emissions sample outlet, wherein the sensors are disposed within the sensor cartridge between the emissions sample inlet and emissions sample outlet;
a sample probe that is fluidically connected to the emissions sample inlet; and
a battery disposed in the sensor cartridge that is configured to provide power to the sensors.
2. The emissions measurement system of claim 1 , wherein each of the sensors is selected from the group consisting of a laser light opacity sensor, a light scattering sensor, a particle ionization sensor, a particle acoustic measurement sensor, and an electrostatic precipitation sensor.
3. The emissions measurement system of claim 1 , wherein the sensors comprise a laser light opacity sensor, a light scattering sensor, and a particle ionization sensor.
4. The emissions measurement system of claim 1 , wherein one of the sensors is a laser light opacity sensor and wherein the laser light opacity sensor is configured to use a blue laser.
5. The emissions measurement system of claim 1 , wherein the sensors are configured to be synchronized.
6. The emissions measurement system of claim 1 , wherein a temperature in any of the sensors is equal thereby reducing water vapor and condensation buildup.
7. The emissions measurement system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor cartridge further comprises shock absorbing materials disposed in the sensor cartridge.
8. The emissions measurement system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor cartridge is configured to be connected to an exhaust of an internal combustion engine.
9. The emissions measurement system of claim 1 , further comprising a processing unit wirelessly connected to the sensors.
10. The emissions measurement system of claim 9 , wherein the processing unit is configured to provide results based on data provided by the sensors.
11. The emissions measurement system of claim 9 , wherein the processing unit is configured to triangulate the data provided by the sensors.
12. A method of measuring emissions comprising:
directing an emissions sample into an emissions sample inlet defined by a sensor cartridge;
linearly transporting the emissions sample through at least three sensors in the sensor cartridge, wherein each of the sensors is configured to perform a different measurement of the emissions sample, and wherein the sensors are powered by a battery disposed in the sensor cartridge;
calculating either a particle number (PN) or particulate matter (PM) measurement for the emissions sample using data from the sensors; and
directing the emissions sample out of the sensor cartridge through an emissions sample outlet defined by the sensor cartridge.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising triangulating the data from the at least three sensors.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the calculating uses a proportionality factor, a weighted linear integral factor, or a non-linear integral factor.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein each of the sensors is selected from the group consisting of a laser light opacity sensor, a light scattering sensor, a particle ionization sensor, a particle acoustic measurement sensor, and an electrostatic precipitation sensor.
16. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
transmitting data from the sensors to a processing unit.
17. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
receiving readings of an exhaust sample from the at least three different sensors, wherein each of the readings comprises at least one of a particulate matter and a particle number;
applying a union function to the readings;
applying an intersect function to the readings; and
identifying a quantity of a pollutant within the exhaust sample.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the quantity comprises a mass of particles, a number of particles, or a concentration of particles.
19. The method of claim 17 , further comprising filtering the readings from the sensors prior to applying the union function or the intersect function.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the identifying is based on at least one parameter associated with another exhaust sample.
21. The method of claim 17 , further comprising triangulating the readings.