Asphaltene inhibition
A method of inhibiting asphaltene precipitation and/or deposition in a hydrocarbon, preferably crude oil, by adding to the hydrocarbon a polyester asphaltene dispersing agent which is the reaction product of an alk(en)yl substituted succinic anhydride wherein the average number of succinic groups per alk(en)yl group is less than 2.0, and at least one polyol.
1. A method of inhibiting asphaltene precipitation and/or deposition in a hydrocarbon comprising adding to the hydrocarbon an effective amount of a polyester asphaltene dispersing agent obtained by reacting an alk(en)yl substituted succinic anhydride wherein the average number of succinic groups per alk(en)yl group is less than 2.0, with at least one polyol, wherein the molar ratio of alk(en)yl substituted succinic anhydride to polyol is 1.8 to 10:1.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the alk(en)yl group is a polyolefin.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the alk(en)yl group has an average molecular weight of 750 to 1,500.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the average number of succinic groups per alk(en)yl group is 0.3 to 1.8.
5. The method according to claim 4 wherein the average number of succinic groups per alk(en)yl group is 0.8 to 1.3.
6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the polyester has an average molecular weight Mn of 2,500 to 15,000 and/or an average molecular weight Mw of 7,000 to 40,000.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein the polyester comprises the reaction residue of at least 2 alk(en)yl substituted succinic anhydride groups.
8. The method according to claim 1 wherein the polyester comprises 2 to 30 alk(en)yl groups.
9. The method according to claim 1 wherein the polyester comprises the reaction residue of 2 to 30 polyol groups.
10. The method according to claim 1 wherein the polyol is sorbitol.
11. The method according to claim 1 wherein the hydrocarbon comprises 5 to 1,000 ppm of the polyester.
12. A composition comprising a diluent medium and a polyester asphaltene dispersing agent obtained by reacting an alk(en)yl substituted succinic anhydride wherein the average number of succinic groups per alk(en)yl group is less than 2.0, with at least one polyol, wherein the molar ratio of alk(en)yl substituted succinic anhydride to polyol is 1.8 to 10:1.
13. Crude oil or a product derived therefrom comprising asphaltene and an effective amount of a polyester asphaltene dispersing agent obtained by reacting an alk(en)yl substituted succinic anhydride wherein the average number of succinic groups per alk(en)yl group is less than 2.0, with at least one polyol, wherein the molar ratio of alk(en)yl substituted succinic anhydride to polyol is 1.8 to 10:1.
14. A polyester which is the reaction product of an alk(en)yl substituted succinic anhydride wherein the average number of succinic groups per alk(en)yl group is less than 2.0, and at least one polyol, wherein the molar ratio of alk(en)yl substituted succinic anhydride to polyol is 1.8 to 10:1.
15. The method according to claim 1 wherein the polyester has an asphaltene dispersing value of at least 95% at a concentration of 25 ppm.
16. The polyester according to claim 14 wherein the molar ratio of the alk(en)yl substituted succinic anhydride to polyol is 1.8 to 6:1.
17. The polyester according to claim 14 wherein the molar ratio of the alk(en)yl substituted succinic anhydride to polyol is 1.8 to 4:1.
18. The method according to claim 1 wherein the alk(en)yl group is polyisobutylene.