Extra luminal scaffold
Methods and devices for treating a luminal pathology affecting an anatomical lumen of a patient comprising forming, in situ, a continuous cohesive layer of covalently-crosslinked hydrogel in a luminal wall of the anatomical lumen.
1. A method of treating a luminal pathology affecting an anatomical lumen of a patient comprising forming, in situ, a covalently crosslinked hydrogel stent within in a luminal wall of the anatomical lumen, with the hydrogel stent placed so that the hydrogel is free of contact with any fluids carried by the lumen.
2. The method of claim 1 comprising introducing at least one hydrogel precursor in aqueous solution at an injection site in the luminal walk wherein the at least one precursor reacts to form the covalently crosslinked hydrogel.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the stent further comprises a therapeutic agent that is released from the stent.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the stent is biodegradable.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the pathology is a stenosis or an aneurysm.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the luminal wall is that of a blood vessel, ureter, vein, artery, aorta, bile duct, urethra, intestine, part of a gastrointestinal tract, esophagus, lymph duct, an aneurysm, a brain aneurysm, an abdominal aortic aneurysm, a cardiac blood vessel, or a peripheral blood vessel.
7. The method of claim 2 further comprising dilating the lumen wherein forming the covalently crosslinked hydrogel comprises injecting at least one precursor into the luminal wall while the lumen is dilated, with the at least one precursor covalently crosslinking to form the covalently crosslinked hydrogel.
8. The method of claim 2 wherein the at least one hydrogel precursor undergoes a free radical polymerization process to undergo the covalent crosslinking to form the covalently crosslinked hydrogel.
9. The method of claim 8 further comprising photoinitiation to initiate the free radical polymerization process.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the at least one precursor comprises a free radical polymerizable functional group chosen from the group consisting of acrylate, methacrylate, and methylmethacrylate.
11. The method of claim 2 wherein the at least one hydrogel precursor comprises an electrophilic functional group selected from the group consisting of carbodiimidazole, sulfonyl chloride, chlorocarbonates, n-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester, succinimidyl ester, sulfasuccinimidyl ester, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl glutarate, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl succinate, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbonate, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl adipate and N-hydroxysuccinimidyl azelate.
12. The method of claim 2 wherein the at least one hydrogel precursor comprises a first hydrogel precursor that is branched.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the at least one hydrogel precursor further comprises a second hydrogel precursor that is branched.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein first hydrogel precursor that is branched comprises a plurality of acrylate functional groups.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein the first hydrogel precursor that is branched comprises a polyether.
16. The method of claim 12 wherein first hydrogel precursor that is branched has a number average molecular weight of no more than about 1000.
17. The method of claim 7 wherein the at least one precursor comprises a first hydrogel precursor that has a number average molecular weight of no more than about 1000 and a second hydrogel precursor that is branched and comprises a polyether and a plurality of acrylate functional groups.
18. The method of claim 2 wherein the at least one hydrogel precursor is injected through a needle into the luminal wall.