Core-shell structured perovskite particle light-emitter, method of preparing the same and light emitting device using the same
Provided are a core-shell structured perovskite particle light-emitter, a method of preparing the same, and a light emitting device using the same. The core-shell structured perovskite particle light-emitter or metal halide perovskite particle light-emitter has a perovskite nanocrystal structure and a core-shell structured particle structure. Therefore, in the perovskite particle light-emitter of the present invention, as a shell is formed of a substance having a wider band gap than that of a core, excitons may be more dominantly confined in the core, and durability of the nanocrystal may be improved to prevent exposure of the core perovskite to the air using a perovskite or inorganic semiconductor, which is stable in the air, or a polymer.
1. A core-shell structured perovskite particle comprising:
a core comprising at least one first halide perovskite nanocrystal; and
a shell surrounding the core,
wherein the shell comprises a second halide perovskite material different from a material of the first halide perovskite nanocrystal and wherein the shell has a different halogen element from the material of the first halide perovskite nanocrystal,
wherein the core, unlike quantum dots, has a first band gap energy determined by a perovskite crystal structure of the at least one first halide perovskite nanocrystal rather than the size thereof,
wherein a plurality of ligands are attached to a surface of the shell and are configured to make the at least one first halide perovskite nanocrystal more dispersible in a medium than without such ligands, and
wherein the at least one first halide perovskite nanocrystal has an ABX 3 , A 2 BX 4 , or ABX 4 , where A is an organic ammonium or metal, B is a metal, and X is a halogen.
2. The core-shell structured perovskite particle of claim 1 , wherein the core-shell structured perovskite particle is dispersible in an organic solvent.
3. The core-shell structured perovskite particle of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first halide perovskite nanocrystal has a spherical, cylindrical, elliptic cylindrical or polygonal cylindrical, or two-dimensional (lamellar, plate) shape.
4. The core-shell structured perovskite particle of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first halide perovskite nanocrystal has a two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) structure.
5. The core-shell structured perovskite particle of claim 1 ,
wherein A is at least one selected from the group consisting of (CH 3 NH 3 ) n , ((C x H 2x+1 ) n NH 2 )CH 2 NH 3 ) n , R(NH 2 ) 2 , (C n H 2n+1 NH 3 ) n , (CF 3 NH 3 ), (CF 3 NH 3 ) n , ((C x F 2x+1 ) n NH 2 )(CF 2 NH 3 ) n , ((C x F 2x+1 ) n NH 3 ) n , (C n F 2n+1 NH 3 ) n , and metal (R is alkyl or fluoroalkyl, n is an integer of 1 or higher, and x is an integer of 1 or higher),
wherein B is at least one selected from the group consisting of a divalent transition metal, an organic molecule, a rare earth metal, an alkali earth metal, Pb, Sn, Ge, Ga, In, Al, Sb, Bi, and Po, and
wherein X is at least one selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, and I.
6. The core-shell structured perovskite particle of claim 1 , wherein the material of the shell comprises an inorganic compound having at least one halide.
7. A core-shell structured perovskite particle comprising:
a core comprising at least one halide perovskite nanocrystal; and
a shell surrounding the core,
wherein the shell comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of an inorganic semiconductor and an inorganic insulating substance,
wherein the core, unlike quantum dots, has a band gap energy determined by a perovskite crystal structure of the at least one halide perovskite nanocrystal rather than the size thereof,
wherein a plurality of ligands are attached to surface of the shell and are configured to make the at least one halide perovskite nanocrystal more dispersible in a medium than without such ligands, and
wherein the at least one halide perovskite nanocrystal has an ABX 3 , A 2 BX 4 , or ABX 4 , where A is an organic ammonium or metal, B is a metal, and X is a halogen.
8. The core-shell structured perovskite particle of claim 7 , wherein the inorganic semiconductor or the inorganic insulating substance comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of TiO x (x is a real number of 1 to 3), indium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, zinc tin oxide, gallium oxide, tungsten oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, bismuth oxide, indium-gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), ZrO 2 , nickel oxide, copper (II) oxide, copper aluminum oxide, zinc rhodium oxide, lithium fluoride (LiF), hydrogen sulfide, cadmium sulfide, carbon disulfide, lead sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, silver sulfide, sodium sulfide, zinc sulfide, mercury sulfide, arsenic sulfide, selenium sulfide, and iron disulfide.
9. The core-shell structured perovskite particle of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of ligands comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl halide, an alkyl amine, and a surfactant.
10. The core-shell structured perovskite particle of claim 9 , wherein the alkyl halide comprises a C n H 2n+1 structure with or without at least one additional moiety selected from an acyclic alkyl, a primary alcohol, a secondary alcohol, a tertiary alcohol, an alkyl amine, p-substituted aniline, phenyl ammonium, and fluorine ammonium.
11. A core-shell structured inorganic metal halide perovskite particle comprising:
a core comprising at least one inorganic metal halide perovskite nanocrystal; and
a shell surrounding the core,
wherein the at least one inorganic metal halide perovskite nanocrystal has a size between about 20 nm to about 100 nm and, unlike quantum dots, has a first band gap energy determined by a perovskite crystal structure of the at least one inorganic metal halide perovskite nanocrystal rather than the size thereof,
wherein the shell comprises a material having a second band gap energy that is larger than the first band gap energy,
wherein a plurality of ligands are attached to surface of the shell and are configured to make the at least one inorganic metal halide perovskite nanocrystal more dispersible in a medium than without such ligands, and
wherein the at least one inorganic metal halide perovskite nanocrystal has an ABX 3 , A 2 BX 4 , or ABX 4 structure, where A is a metal, B is a metal, and X is a halogen.
12. The core-shell structured inorganic metal halide perovskite particle of claim 11 , wherein A comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, Cs and Fr.
13. A light emitting device, comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode; and
a light emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the light emitting layer comprises the core-shell structured perovskite particle of claim 1 .
14. A solar cell, comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode; and
a photoactive layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode,
wherein the photoactive layer comprises the core-shell structured perovskite particle of claim 1 .
15. A core-shell structured perovskite particle comprising:
a core comprising at least one halide perovskite nanocrystal; and
a shell surrounding the core,
wherein the at least one halide perovskite nanocrystal unlike a quantum dot has a first band gap energy determined by a perovskite crystal structure of the at least one halide perovskite nanocrystal rather than the size thereof,
wherein the shell comprises a material having a second band gap energy that is larger than the first band gap energy,
wherein a plurality of ligands attached to the at least one halide perovskite nanocrystal and configured to make the at least one halide perovskite nanocrystal more dispersible than without such ligand in a medium, and
wherein the at least one halide perovskite nanocrystal has an ABX 3 , A 2 BX 4 , or ABX 4 structure, where A is an organic ammonium or metal, B is a metal, and X is a halogen.
16. The core-shell structured perovskite particle of claim 15 , wherein the plurality of ligands includes an alkyl halide selected from the group consisting of an acyclic alkyl having a C n H 2n+1 structure, a primary alcohol, a secondary alcohol, a tertiary alcohol, an alkylamine, a p-substituted aniline, a phenyl ammonium or fluorine ammonium, surrounding the core or the shell.
17. The core-shell structured perovskite particle of claim 1 , wherein the shell comprises a material having a second band gap energy that is larger than the first band gap energy of the core.
18. The core-shell structured perovskite particle of claim 7 , wherein the plurality of ligands comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl halide, an alkyl amine, and a surfactant.