Driving a lighting element

1. An analogue dimmer driver for driving an LED lighting element to generate coded light, the driver comprising:

an output component configured to provide a primary current (i pr ), wherein the output component is one of a controllable constant current source and a controllable constant power source;

a capacitor connected to the output component;

a switch via which the lighting element is connectable to the output component in parallel with the capacitor, so that when the switch is open the primary current charges the capacitor, and when the switch is closed the capacitor discharges to generate a discharge current (i dis ) so that the lighting element is driven by a drive current (i pr +i dis ) which comprises the discharge and primary currents; and

a controller configured to perform switching by periodically opening and closing the switch to code information into light generated by the lighting element, wherein the switching is performed with a duty cycle, wherein the duty cycle is a fraction of the switching period during which the switch is closed, wherein the switching period is a period during which the switch changes from closed to open and then from open to closed once;

wherein the controller has an input by which a desired dimming level is conveyed to the controller, the desired dimming level representing a fraction of a nominal power or current of the LED lighting element;

wherein the output component has an input configured to receive from the controller a dimming signal corresponding to the desired dimming level (dl); and

wherein the controller is configured to both control the duty cycle and adjust the dimming signal in dependence on the desired dimming level, such that responsive to a change in the dimming level which indicates that an increase in the average power of the generated light is desired: i) the primary current is increased so as to increase the average power of the generated light and ii) the duty cycle (dc) of the switching is increased such that it is greater than or equal to the dimming level (dl), thereby preventing the peak level of the drive current from exceeding a predetermined level (i nom ).

2. The analogue dimmer driver according to claim 1 wherein the peak level of the drive current prior to a change in the dimming level is at the predetermined level and the amount by which the duty cycle is increased is such that the peak level of the drive current remains at the predetermined level.

3. The analogue dimmer driver according to claim 1 , wherein the controller has an input configured to receive data and is configured to embed the data in the generated light by changing a frequency of the switching in dependence on the data.

4. The analogue dimmer driver according to claim 1 , wherein the controller has an input configured to receive data and is configured to embed the data in the generated light by changing the duty cycle of the switching.

5. The analogue dimmer driver according to claim 1 , wherein a frequency of the switching is above 50 Hz.

6. The analogue dimmer driver according to claim 1 wherein the output component comprises a control loop which matches the primary current or an output related to the primary current to a setpoint of the control loop, the primary current increased by increasing the setpoint.

7. The analogue dimmer driver according to claim 6 wherein the output related to the primary current is the electrical power provided by the output component.

8. The analogue dimmer driver according to claim 6 wherein the setpoint is adjusted at a frequency below 50 Hz.

9. The analogue dimmer driver according to claim 6 , comprising a low-pass filter, wherein the dimming signal is filtered by the low-pass filter before being received by the output component, and the switching is performed using a version of the dimming level not filtered by the low-pass filter.

10. The analogue dimmer driver according to claim 1 wherein the switch is a transistor.

11. The analogue dimmer driver according to claim 1 , comprising a temperature protection circuit configured to reduce the primary current when the temperature of the lighting element increases above a predetermined limit.

12. A lighting apparatus comprising the analogue dimmer driver of claim 1 , and the LED lighting element.

13. An apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the predetermined level matches the nominal current associated with the lighting element.

14. A method for controlling an LED lighting element with an analogue dimmer to generate coded light and to achieve a desired dimming level (dl), the lighting element being connected to an output component via a switch in parallel with a capacitor also connected to the output component, wherein the output component is one of a controllable constant current source and a controllable constant power source and the output component is configured to provide a primary current (i pr ), so that when the switch is open the primary current charges the capacitor, and when the switch is closed the capacitor discharges to generate a discharge current (i dis ) so that the lighting element is driven by a drive current (i which comprises the discharge and primary currents, the method comprising:

performing switching by periodically opening and closing the switch to code information into light generated by the lighting element, wherein the switching is performed with a duty cycle, wherein the duty cycle is a fraction of the switching period during which the switch is closed, wherein the switching period is a period during which the switch changes from closed to open and then from open to closed once; and

receiving an indication of a desired dimming level representing a fraction of a nominal power or current of the LED lighting element; and

responsive to a change in the dimming level indicating that an increase in the average power of the generated light is desired:

i) increasing the primary current so as to increase the average power of the generated light, and

ii) increasing the duty cycle (dc) of the switching such that it is greater than or equal to the dimming level (dl), thereby preventing the peak level of the drive current from exceeding a predetermined level (i nom ).

15. A computer program product comprising code stored on a computer readable storage medium which, when executed, implements the method of claim 14 on a controlled LED lighting element.