Regulated high side gate driver circuit for power transistors
A regulated high side gate driver circuit for power transistors. The regulated high side gate driver circuit includes a gate driver powered by a floating voltage regulator, which includes a linear regulating device.
1. A regulated high side gate driver circuit for power transistors, comprising:
a gate driver comprising a high side positive supply voltage port, a high side negative supply voltage port, a driver input and a driver output; and
a floating voltage regulator comprising:
a positive regulator input, connectable to a high side DC voltage supply,
a regulated DC voltage output,
a negative regulator input,
a linear regulating device connected to the regulated DC voltage output and configured for suppressing noise and ripple voltage on the high side DC voltage supply in the regulated DC voltage output,
a DC reference voltage generator configured to generate a DC reference voltage at a control terminal of the linear regulating device to set a DC voltage level at the regulated DC voltage output,
a regulation capacitor connected between positive and negative terminals of the DC reference voltage generator, and configured to suppress noise and ripple within the generated DC reference voltage;
wherein the negative regulator input is connected to the high side negative supply voltage port and the regulated DC voltage output is connected to the high side positive supply voltage port of the gate driver.
2. A regulated high side gate driver circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the regulation capacitor comprises a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor.
3. A regulated high side gate driver circuit according to claim 2 , wherein the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor has a capacitance between 1 pF and 100 pF or between 10 pF and 50 pF.
4. A regulated high side gate driver circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the floating voltage regulator comprises an open-loop topology without a voltage or current regulation feedback loop from the regulated DC voltage output back to the control terminal of the linear regulating device.
5. A regulated high side gate driver circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the linear regulating device comprises:
a pass transistor connected between the positive regulator input and the regulated DC voltage output, wherein a control terminal of the pass transistor is connected to the DC reference voltage generated by the DC reference voltage generator.
6. A regulated high side gate driver circuit according to claim 5 , wherein the pass transistor comprises a MOSFET or bipolar transistor with a source or emitter, respectively, connected to the regulated DC voltage output, and a drain or collector terminal, respectively, connected to the positive regulator input.
7. A regulated high side gate driver circuit according to claim 1 ,
wherein the linear regulating device comprises a class AB output stage having a positive power supply terminal connected to the positive regulator input and a negative power supply terminal connected to the negative regulator input; and
wherein a control terminal of the class AB output stage is connected to the DC reference voltage and an output of the class AB output stage is coupled to the regulated DC voltage output to source current to, and sink current from, a load at the regulated DC voltage output.
8. A regulated high side gate driver circuit according to claim 7 , wherein the class AB output stage comprises:
a first output transistor connected between the positive regulator input and the regulated DC voltage output,
a second output transistor connected between the negative regulator input and the regulated DC voltage output; and
a bias voltage circuit connected between respective control terminals of the first and second output transistors to set a predetermined DC bias current therein.
9. A regulated high side gate driver circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the DC reference voltage generator comprises a reversely biased Zener diode.
10. A regulated high side gate driver circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the DC reference voltage generator comprises a shunt regulator circuit.
11. A regulated high side gate driver circuit according to claim 10 , wherein the shunt regulator circuit comprises:
a shunt transistor connected between the DC reference voltage and the negative regulator input,
an error amplifier comprising an output, a first input and a second input where the output is connected to a control terminal of the shunt transistor,
a voltage divider connected to the DC reference voltage and configured to supply a shunt voltage proportional to the DC reference voltage to the first input of the error amplifier,
a second DC voltage reference connected to the second input of the error amplifier.
12. A regulated high side gate driver circuit according to claim 1 , comprising:
a semiconductor substrate comprising a first polarity semiconductor material in which a first well diffusion is formed,
the first well diffusion comprising a second polarity semiconductor material and having a peripheral outer wall abutted to the semiconductor substrate,
a second well diffusion comprising first polarity semiconductor material arranged inside the first well diffusion such that an outer peripheral wall of the second well diffusion is abutted to an inner peripheral wall of the first well diffusion; and
the gate driver being arranged in the second well diffusion;
an electrical connection between each of the first and second well diffusions and the high side negative supply voltage port of the gate driver.
13. An integrated semiconductor substrate comprising:
a regulated high side gate driver circuit according to claim 2 wherein
integrated circuit components of the gate driver and integrated circuit components of the floating voltage regulator, except for the regulation capacitor, are integrated in a first set of layers of the semiconductor substrate, and
the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor is integrated in a second set of layers of the semiconductor substrate arranged above the first set of layers such that the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor at least partly overlays the integrated circuit components of the gate driver and the floating voltage regulator.
14. A class D audio amplifier output stage comprising:
a plurality of stacked power transistors connected between a positive power supply rail and a negative power supply rail of the class D audio amplifier, the plurality of stacked power transistors comprising respective control terminals configured to switch each power transistor between a conducting state and a non-conducting state in accordance with a control voltage,
a plurality of regulated high side gate driver circuits according to claim 1 , wherein driver outputs of the plurality of regulated high side gate driver circuits are connected to the respective control terminals of the plurality of stacked power transistors; and
wherein source terminals of the plurality of stacked power transistors are connected to respective ones of the high side negative supply voltage ports of the plurality of regulated high side gate driver circuits.
15. A class D audio amplifier output stage according to claim 14 , wherein the plurality of stacked power transistors comprises:
a first leg comprising at least first and second cascaded power transistors connected between the positive power supply rail and a signal output of the output stage, and
a second leg comprising at least third and fourth cascaded power transistors connected between the signal output and a negative power supply rail of the output stage.
16. A regulated high side gate driver circuit according to claim 4 , wherein the linear regulating device comprises:
a pass transistor connected between the positive regulator input and the regulated DC voltage output, wherein a control terminal of the pass transistor is connected to the DC reference voltage generated by the DC reference voltage generator.
17. A regulated high side gate driver circuit according to claim 5 ,
wherein the linear regulating device comprises a class AB output stage having a positive power supply terminal connected to the positive regulator input and a negative power supply terminal connected to the negative regulator input; and
wherein a control terminal of the class AB output stage is connected to the DC reference voltage and an output of the class AB output stage is coupled to the regulated DC voltage output to source current to, and sink current from, a load at the regulated DC voltage output.
18. A regulated high side gate driver circuit according to claim 6 , wherein the linear regulating device comprises a class AB output stage having a positive power supply terminal connected to the positive regulator input and a negative power supply terminal connected to the negative regulator input; and
wherein a control terminal of the class AB output stage is connected to the DC reference voltage and an output of the class AB output stage is coupled to the regulated DC voltage output to source current to, and sink current from, a load at the regulated DC voltage output.
19. A regulated high side gate driver circuit according to claim 2 , wherein the MIM capacitor is integrated in a same semiconductor die as the linear regulating device and the DC reference voltage generator.
20. A regulated high side gate driver circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the high side DC voltage supply has a voltage that is higher than a positive DC voltage rail coupled to a power transistor that is driven by the regulated high side gate driver circuit.