Systems and methods for manufacturing stacked circuits and transmission lines
Devices and methods for manufacturing RF circuits and systems in both passive and active forms are contemplated herein. Exemplary devices include 3D electrical and mechanical structures which are created from individual slices which may be assembled to create a final functional block such as a circuit, component or a system. The slices may fabricated by a variety of manufacturing techniques, such as micromachined layer-by-layer metal batch processing.
1. A stacked waveguide structure, comprising a plurality of solid metal waveguide slices, each waveguide slice having an upper and opposing lower surfaces and comprising at least one waveguide cavity disposed therein, where selected pairs of the waveguide slices are disposed adjacent one another, with the waveguide cavity of each slice of a selected pair registered to one another so the waveguide cavities of the selected pair of slices communicate with one another to provide at least one waveguide within the stacked waveguide structure, each slice comprised of a plurality of planar metal layers stacked parallel to the upper surface in contact with and joined to one another to provide a stack of planar metal layers which form each slice.
2. The stacked waveguide structure according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one waveguide comprises a waveguide splitter.
3. The stacked waveguide structure according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one waveguide comprises a waveguide combiner.
4. The stacked waveguide structure according to claim 1 , wherein at least one waveguide comprises a branched structure.
5. The stacked waveguide structure according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one waveguide comprises a plurality of waveguides which do not communicate with one another.
6. The stacked waveguide structure according to claim 1 , wherein the metal comprises copper.
7. The stacked waveguide structure according to claim 1 , comprising a probe disposed within the waveguide cavity, the probe configured to convert electromagnetic energy disposed within the waveguide cavity into electrical energy within the probe, the probe comprised of a plurality of planar metal layers stacked in contact with and joined to one another to provide a stack of planar layers which form the probe.
8. The stacked waveguide structure according to claim 1 , comprising a waveguide input at a selected surface of the stacked waveguide structure, and comprising a plurality of waveguide outputs at a selected surface of the stacked waveguide structure.
9. The stacked waveguide structure according to claim 8 , comprising an integrated circuit chip disposed in electromagnetic communication with one of the waveguide outputs.
10. The stacked waveguide structure according to claim 1 , comprising a waveguide output at a selected surface of the stacked waveguide structure, and comprising a plurality of waveguide inputs at a selected surface of the stacked waveguide structure.
11. The stacked waveguide structure according to claim 10 , comprising an integrated circuit chip disposed in electromagnetic communication with one of the waveguide inputs and one of the waveguide outputs.
12. The stacked waveguide structure according to claim 11 , wherein the integrated circuit chip comprises a power amplifier.
13. The stacked waveguide structure according to claim 11 , comprising a waveguide transition disposed between the integrated circuit chip and a selected one of the waveguide outputs, the transition comprising a waveguide cavity therein and disposed in electromagnetic communication with the selected waveguide output.
14. The stacked waveguide structure according to claim 13 , comprising a probe disposed within the waveguide cavity of the transition, the probe configured to convert electromagnetic energy disposed within the waveguide cavity of the transition into electrical energy within the probe, and wherein the probe is disposed in electrical communication with the integrated circuit chip.
15. The stacked waveguide structure of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide cavity of a selected slice extends through the depth of the stack of planar metal layers to provide openings on opposing surfaces of the slice.
16. The stacked waveguide structure according to claim 1 , wherein the waveguide cavity of a selected slice extends partially into the depth of the slice through a plurality of the planar metal layers.
17. The stacked waveguide structure according to claim 1 , wherein a selected slice comprises two waveguide cavities oriented orthogonal to one another within the slice.
18. The waveguide structure according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the at least one waveguide is disposed orthogonal to the upper surface.
19. The stacked waveguide structure according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the at least one waveguide is disposed parallel to the upper surface.
20. A method of creating a stacked waveguide structure, comprising:
i) forming a plurality of solid metal waveguide slices each having at least one waveguide cavity disposed therein, comprising the steps of:
depositing a plurality of layers on top of one another to create a stacked layer-upon-layer structure, wherein the layers comprise one or more of a metal material and a sacrificial material, the sacrificial material having an opening disposed therein filled with the metal material; and
removing the sacrificial material to create the at least one waveguide cavity at the location of the sacrificial material; and
ii) aligning and joining the plurality of waveguide slices to one another so the waveguide cavities of the slices communicate with one another to provide at least one waveguide within the stacked waveguide structure,
wherein the solid metal waveguide slices comprise the slices of any one of claims 15 - 19 .