Laminated tissue graft product
A tissue graft comprising two or more layers of material wherein each layer comprises extracellular matrix (ECM) or polymeric material and wherein the layers are laminated together by interlocking portions of one layer with portions of another layer. In one embodiment, a tissue graft comprises a first layer of material having multiple lugs and a second layer of material having multiple holes, each lug of the first layer being located through a hole in the second layer, the holes and the lugs having dimensions so that the lugs engage with a surface of the second layer and interlock the first layer with the second layer. In further embodiments, a method of preparing a tissue graft by laminating and interlocking two or more layers, the use of a tissue graft for replacing or repairing tissue in a human or animal, and an apparatus comprising a mould, a lug cutting means, a piercing means and a means for pushing lugs through piercings in layers of a tissue graft.
1. A tissue graft product comprising two or more sheets of material wherein each sheet comprises extracellular matrix (ECM) or polymeric material and wherein the sheets are laminated together by interlocking portions of one sheet with portions of another sheet, wherein a first sheet has multiple lugs and a second sheet has multiple holes, each lug of the first sheet being located through a hole in the second sheet to interlock the first sheet with the second sheet, and wherein each lug comprises a section of the first sheet that is cut from the first sheet and remains connected to the first sheet.
2. A tissue graft product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the holes and the lugs are dimensioned so that the lugs engage with a surface of the second sheet.
3. A tissue graft product as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a third sheet positioned between the first sheet and the second sheet, the third sheet having multiple holes aligned with holes of the second sheet; wherein the lugs of the first sheet extend through the holes in the third sheet to interlock the first sheet with the second and third sheets.
4. A tissue graft product as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a third sheet, the third sheet having multiple lugs aligned with holes of the second sheet; wherein the lugs of the third sheet extend through the holes in the second sheet to interlock the third sheet with the second sheet.
5. A tissue graft product as claimed in claim 4 , wherein each lug of the first sheet is interlocked with the third sheet and each lug of the third sheet is interlocked with the first sheet.
6. A tissue graft product as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the third sheet comprises multiple lugs and the first sheet comprises multiple holes, wherein the lugs of the first sheet are offset from the lugs of the third sheet.
7. A tissue graft product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one sheet comprises ECM.
8. A tissue graft product as claimed in claim 1 , comprising a total of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 sheets of ECM and/or polymeric material.
9. A tissue graft product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ECM is formed from the propria-submucosa of the forestomach of a ruminant.
10. A tissue graft product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one sheet comprises a synthetic polymeric material.
11. A tissue graft product as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the synthetic polymeric material is formed from polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, poliglecaprone-25, or polyester.
12. A tissue graft product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one sheet comprises a natural polymeric material.
13. A tissue graft product as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the natural polymeric material is a protein, polysaccharide, glycoprotein, proteoglycan, or glycosaminoglycan.
14. A tissue graft product as claimed in claim 1 , which is a substantially flat sheet or has a 3-dimensional form shaped to conform to a location to which the product is to be grafted.