Process for forming thermoplastic vulcanizates and thermoplastic vulcanizates made therefrom
Provided are methods for producing a thermoplastic vulcanizate and thermoplastic vulcanizates provided therein. The method includes introducing vulcanizable rubber, thermoplastic resin, a masterbatch of a propylene-based elastomer and a cure accelerator for a phenolic resin curative to the reactor, and phenolic resin curative to a reactor and dynamically vulcanizing the rubber with the phenolic resin curative in the presence of the cure accelerator and the thermoplastic resin.
1. A composition comprising propylene-based elastomer and from about 10 wt % to about 90 wt % stannous chloride, based on the weight of the composition, where the propylene-based elastomer comprises propylene-derived units and 5 to 30 wt % of α-olefin-derived units and where the propylene-based elastomer has a melting temperature of less than 120° C. and a heat of fusion of less than 75 J/g.
2. A process for making a thermoplastic vulcanizate comprising the composition of claim 1 , the process comprising:
(a) introducing a vulcanizable rubber to a reactor;
(b) introducing a thermoplastic resin to the reactor;
(c) introducing a masterbatch comprising the composition of claim 1 to the reactor;
(d) introducing a phenolic resin curative to the reactor; and
(e) dynamically vulcanizing the vulcanizable rubber with the phenolic resin curative in the presence of the masterbatch and the thermoplastic resin.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of vulcanizing occurs at a temperature above the melt temperature of the thermoplastic resin.
4. A method for making a thermoplastic vulcanizate comprising the composition of claim 1 , the method comprising:
(a) mixing a vulcanizable rubber and a thermoplastic resin above the melt temperature of the thermoplastic resin to form a molten mass;
(b) adding a masterbatch comprising the composition of claim 1 to the molten mass;
(c) melting the propylene-based elastomer of the masterbatch to thereby disperse stannous chloride within the molten mass;
(d) adding a phenolic curative to the molten mass; and
(e) dynamically vulcanizing the vulcanizable rubber with the phenolic resin in the presence of the stannous chloride.
5. The method of claim 2 , where the masterbatch comprises from about 10 wt % to about 70 wt % stannous chloride based on the total weight of the masterbatch.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the masterbatch contains less than 25 wt % of material other than the stannous chloride and the propylene-based elastomer.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the masterbatch contains less than 5 wt % of material other than the stannous chloride and the propylene-based elastomer.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the masterbatch contains less than 1 wt % of material other than the stannous chloride and the propylene-based elastomer.
9. The method of claim 2 , wherein the masterbatch consists essentially of the stannous chloride and the propylene-based elastomer.
10. The method of claim 2 , wherein the masterbatch is charged to the reactor in the form of pellets.
11. The method of claim 2 , wherein the thermoplastic resin comprises polypropylene.
12. The method of claim 2 , wherein the vulcanizable rubber comprises ethylene-α-olefin-diene copolymer.
13. A method for making a thermoplastic vulcanizate comprising the composition of claim 1 , the method comprising steps of:
adding a ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer to a twin-screw extruder through the feed throat of the extruder; adding polypropylene to the twin-screw extruder through the feed throat of the extruder; mixing, within an initial mix zone, the ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer and the polypropylene at a temperature above the melt temperature of the polypropylene to form a molten mass; charging pellets that include the composition of claim 1 to the twin-screw extruder through an inlet in a barrel downstream of the initial mix zone;
heating the pellets above the melt temperature of the propylene-based elastomer and mixing the molten pellets with the molten mass; charging a phenolic resin curative to the twin-extruder through an inlet in a barrel downstream of the barrel where the pellets are charged; mixing the phenolic resin with the molten mass while transferring the molten mass through a cure zone where dynamic vulcanization of the ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer takes place to thereby form a thermoplastic vulcanizate; removing the thermoplastic vulcanizate from the twin-screw extruder; cooling the thermoplastic vulcanizate; and pelletizing the thermoplastic vulcanizate.