Methods to generate gastrointestinal epithelial tissue constructs
A method of making a live cell construct is carried out by: (a) providing a non-cellular support having a top surface and a bottom surface, (b) contacting live undifferentiated cells to the non-cellular support, and then (c) propagating a gastrointestinal epithelial cell monolayer on said top surface. In some embodiments, the live cells in the monolayer include: (i) undifferentiated cells (e.g., stem or progenitor cells); and (ii) optionally, but in some embodiments preferably, differentiated cells (e.g., enterocytes, Paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells, tuft cells, microcells, intra-epithelial lymphocytes, and/or goblet cells). Constructs formed by such methods and methods of using the same (e.g., in high through-put screening) are also described.
1. A method of making a live cell construct, comprising:
(a) providing a non-cellular support having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein the non-cellular support, comprises an elastic modulus of less than about 550 KPa, wherein the non-cellular support comprises a hydrogel formed from a natural or synthetic polymer,
(b) contacting live primary undifferentiated gastrointestinal epithelial cells to said non-cellular support, and then
(c) propagating a self-renewing monolayer of live primary gastrointestinal epithelial cells on said top surface, wherein the live primary gastrointestinal epithelial cells comprise at least some undifferentiated cells, wherein a number of live primary gastrointestinal epithelial cells, including undifferentiated cells, in the self-renewing monolayer is maintained or increased for at least 24 hours.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said monolayer comprises
primary differentiated cells in combination with said primary undifferentiated cells.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said primary gastrointestinal epithelial cells are selected from the group consisting of mammalian, avian, reptilian, amphibian, and insect cells.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said primary gastrointestinal epithelial cells are primary human gastrointestinal epithelial cells.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said primary gastrointestinal epithelial cells are selected from the group consisting of colon, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, tongue, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngeopharynx, and pancreatic epithelial cells.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
(d) contacting a culture media to said self-renewing monolayer of live primary gastrointestinal cells, which culture media sustains said self-renewing monolayer of live primary gastrointestinal cells.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said culture media comprises a short-chain fatty acid, Wnt-3A, R-spondin, noggin and epidermal growth factor (EGF).
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said support comprises collagen, gelatin, laminin, elastin, fibronectin, heparin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, gelatinous protein mixture secreted by Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcoma cells, and combinations thereof; and/or said support comprises a hydrogel formed from a natural or synthetic polymer.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the support is porous and/or the support bottom surface is on a porous carrier, a mesh, an inorganic grid, a hydrogel, or a combination thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , said top surface having a plurality of wells formed therein, each of said wells having a top opening, side walls and a floor; said self-renewing gastrointestinal epithelial cell monolayer extending onto said well side walls and floors, with the well top openings remaining open, to form open lumens lined with cells in said wells.
11. A live cell construct, comprising:
(a) a non-cellular support having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein the non-cellular support comprises an elastic modulus of less than about 550 KPa, wherein the non-cellular support comprises a hydrogel formed from a natural or synthetic polymer;
(b) a self-renewing monolayer of live primary gastrointestinal epithelial cells formed on said top surface, wherein the live primary gastrointestinal epithelial cells comprise at least some undifferentiated cells, wherein a number of live primary gastrointestinal epithelial cells, including undifferentiated cells, in the self-renewing monolayer is maintained or increased for at least 24 hours.
12. The construct of claim 11 , wherein said live primary gastrointestinal epithelial cells in said monolayer comprise differentiated cells in combination with said undifferentiated cells.
13. The construct of claim 11 , wherein said primary gastrointestinal epithelial cells are selected from the group consisting of mammalian, avian, reptilian, amphibian, and insect cells.
14. The construct of claim 11 , wherein said primary gastrointestinal epithelial cells are primary human gastrointestinal epithelial cells.
15. The construct of claim 11 , wherein said primary gastrointestinal epithelial cells are selected from the group consisting of colon, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, tongue, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngeopharynx, and pancreatic epithelial cells.
16. The construct of claim 11 , further comprising:
(c) a culture medium contacting said self-renewing monolayer of live primary gastrointestinal epithelial cells, which culture medium sustains said self-renewing monolayer of live primary gastrointestinal epithelial cells.
17. The construct of claim 16 , wherein said culture medium comprises a short-chain fatty acid, Wnt-3A, R-spondin, noggin and epidermal growth factor (EGF).
18. The construct of claim 11 , wherein said support comprises collagen, gelatin, laminin, elastin, fibronectin, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, gelatinous protein mixture secreted by Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcoma cells, and combinations thereof; and/or said support comprises a hydrogel formed from a natural or synthetic polymer.
19. The construct of claim 11 , wherein the support is porous and/or the support bottom surface is on a porous carrier, an inorganic grid, a hydrogel, or a combination thereof.
20. The construct of claim 11 , said top surface having a plurality of wells formed therein, each of said wells having a top opening, side walls and a floor;
said self-renewing gastrointestinal epithelial cell monolayer extending onto said well side walls and floors, with said well top openings remaining uncovered, to form open cell lumens in said wells.
21. The construct of claim 20 , wherein said wells are from about 100to about 1000 microns deep, and/or said wells are from about 10 to about 200 microns wide; and/or at least about 10 to about 100 of said wells are formed in said top surface.
22. The construct of claim 20 , wherein:
said live primary cells in said self-renewing monolayer comprise both differentiated cells and undifferentiated cells in combination;
said differentiated cells and said undifferentiated cells are positioned in said monolayer in a gradient with a greater concentration of differentiated cells on one end of the gradient; and a greater concentration of undifferentiated cells on the other end of said gradient;
said gradient oriented with or along said well side walls.
23. A method of screening a test compound or test microbe for a toxicological, physiological, or carcinogenic effect, comprising:
(a) providing a construct according to claim 11 ,
(b) contacting a test compound or test microbe to said construct; and then
(c) detecting a toxicological, physiological, or carcinogenic effect of said test compound or test microbe on the cells of said construct.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein said test compound is selected from the group consisting of aromatic organic compounds, aliphatic organic compounds, and mixed aromatic and aliphatic organic compounds and/or the microbe is selected from the group consisting of gram negative bacteria, gram positive bacteria, yeast, and molds.