Method for monitoring an exhaust-gas sensor

1. A method for monitoring an exhaust-gas sensor, comprising:

evaluating at least one heat quantity at least one of: (i) supplied to the exhaust-gas sensor during a period of time, and (ii) withdrawn from the exhaust-gas sensor during the period of time, under consideration of a change in the heat quantity stored by the exhaust-gas sensor that takes place during the period of time; and

determining whether at least one monitored event has occurred based on the evaluating,

wherein the following heat quantities are ascertained and considered separately from one another during or prior to the evaluation:

a heat dissipation between the exhaust-gas sensor and an environment of the exhaust-gas sensor,

a heat convection between the exhaust-gas sensor and the environment of the exhaust-gas sensor, and

a heat radiation between the exhaust-gas sensor and the environment of the exhaust-gas sensor, and a sum of the heat quantities, and wherein a change in the heat quantity stored by the exhaust-gas sensor taking place during the time period, is compared with a heat output of an electric heating device of the exhaust-gas sensor, and it is determined on this basis whether the at least one monitored event has occurred.

2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the evaluation takes place one of: (i) with the aid of an energy balance equation, (ii) with the aid of the conservation of energy law, (iii) with the aid of a time derivative of the energy balance equation, or (iv) with the aid of the time derivative of the conservation of energy law.

3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the heat quantities are at least partially ascertained based on a physical model of the exhaust-gas sensor and the environment of the exhaust-gas sensor, and the occurrence of the monitored event is not taken into account in the physical model.

4. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the exhaust-gas sensor has a heating device and a device for a temperature measurement.

5. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the at least one monitored event is flooding of the exhaust-gas sensor by a fluid medium.

6. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the at least one monitored event is a clogging of a gas inlet opening of the exhaust-gas sensor by a solid medium.

7. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the at least one monitored event is ageing of the exhaust-gas sensor.

8. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein in the case of ageing of the exhaust-gas sensor, model parameters for the calculation of a heat quantity at least one of: (i) supplied to the exhaust-gas sensor, and (ii) withdrawn from the exhaust-gas sensor, are adapted, the model parameters including a heater resistance.

9. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the evaluation as to whether the at least one monitored event has occurred takes place based on a comparison of a predefined value with a measure that is obtained by a time integration over a heat output.

10. A non-transitory electronic storage medium on which is stored a computer program for monitoring an exhaust-gas sensor, the computer program, when executed by a control unit, causing the control unit to perform:

evaluating at least one heat quantity at least one of: (i) supplied to the exhaust-gas sensor during a period of time, and (ii) withdrawn from the exhaust-gas sensor during the period of time, under consideration of a change in the heat quantity stored by the exhaust-gas sensor that takes place during the period of time; and

determining whether at least one monitored event has occurred based on the evaluating,

wherein the following heat quantities are ascertained and considered separately from one another during or prior to the evaluation:

a heat dissipation between the exhaust-gas sensor and an environment of the exhaust-gas sensor,

a heat convection between the exhaust-gas sensor and the environment of the exhaust-gas sensor, and

a heat radiation between the exhaust-gas sensor and the environment of the exhaust-gas sensor, and a sum of the heat quantities, and wherein a change in the heat quantity stored by the exhaust-gas sensor taking place during the time period, is compared with a heat output of an electric heating device of the exhaust-gas sensor, and it is determined on this basis whether the at least one monitored event has occurred.

11. An electronic control unit which includes an electronic storage medium on which is stored a computer program for monitoring an exhaust-gas sensor, the computer program, when executed by the electronic control unit, causing the electronic control unit to perform:

evaluating at least one heat quantity at least one of: (i) supplied to the exhaust-gas sensor during a period of time, and (ii) withdrawn from the exhaust-gas sensor during the period of time, under consideration of a change in the heat quantity stored by the exhaust-gas sensor that takes place during the period of time; and

determining whether at least one monitored event has occurred based on the evaluating,

wherein the following heat quantities are ascertained and considered separately from one another during or prior to the evaluation:

a heat dissipation between the exhaust-gas sensor and an environment of the exhaust-gas sensor,

a heat convection between the exhaust-gas sensor and the environment of the exhaust-gas sensor, and

a heat radiation between the exhaust-gas sensor and the environment of the exhaust-gas sensor, and a sum of the heat quantities, and wherein a change in the heat quantity stored by the exhaust-gas sensor taking place during the time period, is compared with a heat output of an electric heating device of the exhaust-gas sensor, and it is determined on this basis whether the at least one monitored event has occurred.