Process for the preparation of dolutegravir
Processes for the preparation of dolutegravir and pharmaceutically acceptable salts utilizing alkenylamine are disclosed. Intermediates in those synthetic schemes are also disclosed.
1. A process for the preparation of dolutegravir, comprising the steps of:
a) reacting a compound of formula 8 with 1,1-dimethoxy-N,N-dimethyl methanamine to obtain a compound of formula 7;
b) treating the compound of formula 7 with an alkenyl amine of the formula H 2 N—R 3 in the presence of a solvent to obtain a compound of formula 6, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohol solvent, ester solvent, ether solvent, aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, and mixtures thereof;
c) cyclizing the compound of formula 6 with dimethyl oxalate in the presence of a base and a solvent to obtain a compound of formula 5, wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkali metal hydride, an alkali metal alkoxide, and mixtures thereof, and the solvent is an alcohol;
d) converting the compound of formula 5 to a compound of formula 5a and then converting the compound of formula 5a to the compound of formula 4,
wherein converting the compound of formula 5 to the compound of formula 5a comprises mixing boric acid with acetic anhydride which is then reacted with the compound of formula 5 to result in the compound of formula 5a, and
wherein converting the compound of formula 5a to the compound of formula 4 is performed in the presence of a base or an acid and a solvent, wherein the base is an alkali metal hydroxide base;
e) condensing the compound of formula 4 with 2,4-difluorobenzylamine in the presence of a base and a coupling agent in a solvent to obtain a compound of formula 3, wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of N-methylmorpholine (NMM), diisopropylethylamine, trimethylamine, N,N′-dimethylpiperazine, N-methylpiperidine, pyridine, and mixtures thereof;
f) oxidizing the compound of formula 3 by reacting the compound of formula 3 with an oxidizing agent to obtain a compound of formula 2, wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of ozone, ozonized oxygen, periodic acid, osmium tetroxide-periodate, ruthenium trichloride-periodate, sodium metaperiodate, sodium orthoperiodate, ruthenium trichloride/potassium peroxymonosulfate, bis(acetonitrile)dichloropalladium (II), bis(benzonitrile)palladium (II) chloride, osmium tetroxide, sodium metaperiodate, ruthenium trichloride/potassium peroxymonosulfate, and mixtures thereof;
g) reacting the compound of formula 2 with (R)-3-aminobutanol in the presence of an acid and a solvent to obtain a compound of formula 1, wherein the acid is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, methane sulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and mixtures thereof; and
h) converting the compound of formula 1 in the presence of a metal bromide to dolutegravir;
wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently a C 1 -C 6 alkyl, a C 6 -C 10 aryl, or a C 6 -C 10 aralkyl, and R 4 the alkenyl amine of the formula H 2 N—R 3 is allyamine, and X is O-Acyl.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein, in step b), the solvent is methanol.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent used in converting the compound of formula 5a to the compound of formula 4 is selected from the group consisting of alcohol solvent, ester solvent, aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, ketone solvent, chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent, and mixtures thereof.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the acid used in converting the compound of formula 5a to the compound of formula 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid, and mixtures thereof.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal hydroxide base used in converting the compound of formula 5a to the compound of formula 4 is selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent used in converting the compound of formula 5a to the compound of formula 4 is methanol and the acid is hydrochloric acid in methanol.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the base used in condensing step e) is N-methylmorpholine.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the coupling agent used in condensing step e) is selected from the group consisting of isobutyl chloroformate, carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), pivaloyl chloride, o-benzotriazole-1-yl-1,1,3,3,-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU), 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium (HBTU), benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy-tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium (BOP), benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy-tris(pyrrolidino) phosphonium (PyBOP), bromo-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphoniumhexafluorophosphate (PyBrOP), tris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (pyCOP), ethyl cyanoglyoxylate-2-oxime, o-(6-chloro-1-hydoxybenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TCTU), 2-(1H-7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl uranium hexafluorophosphate (HATU), 1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethydenminooxy)dimethylamino-morpholino-carbenium hexafluorophosphate (COMU), and mixtures thereof.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the coupling agent is isobutyl chloroformate.
10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the condensing step e) is carried out optionally in the presence of an additive selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl benzotriazole (HOBt), 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt), 6-chloro-1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole (Cl-HOBt), hydroxypyridines (HOPy), imidazole or its salts, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undex-7-en (DBU), dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and mixtures thereof.
11. The process of claim 1 , further comprising converting dolutegravir to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of dolutegravir.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are methyl groups.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein, in step c), the base is sodium methoxide and the solvent is methanol.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of osmium tetroxide, sodium metaperiodate, ruthenium trichloride/potassium peroxymonosulfate, and mixtures thereof.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the acid used in step g) is acetic acid.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent is ozone, ozonized oxygen, or mixtures thereof.