Methods and apparatus for small aperture lensometer

1. A method comprising, in combination:

(a) capturing, with a camera, a first image of light, which light leaves a display surface and travels through a subject lens before reaching the camera; and

(b) performing calculations that are based, at least in part, on the first image and that compute, for each specific region in a set of multiple regions of the subject lens, a refractive attribute of the specific region;

wherein

(i) the first image is an image of a set of visual features displayed at the display surface,

(ii) the camera includes a sensor for measuring intensity of light and also includes a lens system,

(iii) the aperture of the camera is fixed and has a diameter that is less than or equal to 8 millimeters,

(iv) the aperture and the lens system are each located between the subject lens and the sensor,

(v) the set of visual features in the first image includes a subset of multiple visual features that are each elliptical and non-circular,

(vi) no visual feature in the subset overlaps with or encloses any other visual feature in the subset, and

(vii) the calculations include calculating, for each specific visual feature in the subset, length of the minor and major axes of an elliptical, non-circular periphery of the specific visual feature.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the calculations include comparing (i) data derived from the first image and (ii) data derived from a second image captured with the subject lens absent.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the calculations include:

(a) identifying a pair of visual features, which pair is in the first image and is in the second image;

(b) comparing a first orientation and a second orientation, the first orientation being orientation of a line that connects the pair of visual features in the first image and the second orientation being orientation of a line that connects the pair of visual features in the second image; and

(c) comparing a first distance and a second distance, the first distance being between the pair of visual features in the first image and the second distance being between the pair of visual features in the second image.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the calculations include calculating, for each specific feature in the set of visual features:

(a) position of more than two points in a perimeter of the specific feature; and

(b) a function that fits the more than two points, which function is expressed in polar coordinates and is periodic.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the camera is not focused on the display surface.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the calculations include calculating a change in shape.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the diameter of the entrance opening of the camera is greater than or equal to the diameter of each region in the set of regions in the subject lens.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the camera does not include a telecentric lens system.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the set of visual features is not created by light passing through holes in a mask.

10. Apparatus comprising:

(a) a camera for capturing a first image of light that travels from a display surface, through a subject lens and to the camera, the first image being an image of a set of visual features displayed by a display screen; and

(b) one or more computers programmed to perform calculations that take the first image as an input and that compute, for each respective region in a set of regions of the subject lens, a refractive attribute of the respective region;

wherein

(i) the camera includes a sensor for measuring intensity of light,

(ii) the camera includes a lens system,

(iii) the aperture of the camera is fixed and has a diameter that is less than or equal to 8 millimeters,

(iv) the aperture and the lens system are each located between the subject lens and the sensor,

(v) the set of visual features in the first image includes a subset of multiple visual features that are each elliptical and non-circular;

(vi) no visual feature in the subset overlaps with or encloses any other visual feature in the subset; and

(vii) the calculations include calculating, for each specific visual feature in the subset, length of the minor and major axes of an elliptical, non-circular periphery of the specific visual feature.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the diameter of the entrance opening of the camera is greater than or equal to the diameter of each region in the set of regions in the subject lens.

12. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the apparatus includes a mirror that is configured to reflect the light, in such a way that the light reflects off the mirror and travels to the camera.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein:

(a) the display surface is a display screen; and

(b) the camera and display screen are housed in a single mobile device that is part of the apparatus.

14. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein:

(a) the subject lens is not a lens of a human eye; and

(b) the apparatus is configured to support the subject lens in a position, relative to the camera, display screen and mirror, in such a way that light emitted by the display screen passes through the subject lens twice before reaching the camera.

15. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein

(a) the subject lens is not a lens of a human eye; and

(b) the apparatus is configured to support the subject lens in a position, relative to the camera, display screen and mirror, in such a way that light emitted by the display screen

(i) passes through the subject lens only once before reaching the camera, and

(ii) reflects from the mirror before reaching the camera and before or after passing through the subject lens.

16. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the calculations include computing translation of a given visual feature, wherein:

(a) the translation is between a first position and a second position;

(b) the first position is position of the given visual feature in the first image; and

(c) the second position is position of the given visual feature in a second image captured with the subject lens absent.

17. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the calculations include:

(a) identifying a pair of visual features, which pair is in the first image and is in the second image;

(b) comparing a first orientation and a second orientation, the first orientation being orientation of a line that connects the pair of visual features in the first image and the second orientation being orientation of a line that connects the pair of visual features in the second image; and

(c) comparing a first distance and a second distance, the first distance being between the pair of visual features in the first image and the second distance being between the pair of visual features in the second image.

18. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the camera does not include a telecentric lens system.