Mechanically stacked tandem photovoltaic cells with intermediate optical filters
A method of fabricating a multi-junction photosensitive device is provided. The method may include fabricating at least two photoactive layers, wherein at least one photoactive layer is fabricated on a transparent substrate, and at least one photoactive layer is fabricated on a reflective substrate, patterning at least one optical filter layer on at least one photoactive layer fabricated on a transparent substrate, and bonding the at least two photoactive layers using cold weld or van der Waals bonding. A multi-junction photosensitive device is also provided. The device may have at least two photoactive layers, and at least one optical filter layer, wherein at least two layers are bonded using cold weld or van der Waals bonding. The optical filter layer may be a Distributed Bragg Reflector.
1. A multi-junction photosensitive device comprising:
a first subcell disposed on a reflective substrate, wherein the first subcell comprises at least a first photoactive layer situated on a first transparent contact wherein the first transparent contact is precoated with a noble metal;
a second subcell disposed on a transparent substrate, wherein the second subcell comprises at least a second photoactive layer situated on a second transparent contact wherein the second transparent contact is precoated with a noble metal, wherein the first and second subcells are located between the reflective substrate and the transparent substrate in a stacked configuration, and wherein the first and second subcells are cold-weld bonded to one another by a metal grid that physically and electrically interconnects the subcells by applying pressure on each of the first transparent contact and the second transparent contact, and
at least one optical filter layer located between the first and second subcells,
wherein the first photoactive layer comprises PbS quantum dots and the second photoactive layer comprises an organic photovoltaic,
wherein the first and second photoactive layers absorb different wavelengths of light.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one optical filter layer is a Distributed Bragg Reflector.
3. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a third subcell disposed on an additional transparent substrate and comprising at least a third photoactive layer; and
at least one additional optical filter layer located between the second and third subcells.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first photoactive layer is located below the second photoactive layer and absorbs light in the near infrared spectrum.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second photoactive layer is located above the first photoactive layer and absorbs light in the ultraviolet spectrum.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first photoactive layer absorbs a range of wavelengths of light spanning 10 nm that is not absorbed by the second photoactive layer.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one optical filter layer is wavelength selective.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein there is no air gap between the first and second subcells.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein an intermediate metal contact is connected to the metal grid.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first and second subcells are connected in series.
11. The device of claim 9 , wherein the first and second subcells are connected in parallel.
12. The device of claim 3 , wherein at least one group of individual subcells is connected in series and at least one group of individual subcells is connected in parallel.
13. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least first and second photoactive layers comprise materials chosen from silicon, germanium, III-V semiconductors, kesterite, and perovskite.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device is a photodetector configured to demultiplex spectral signals emitted from a signal source.
15. The device of claim 1 , wherein the metal grid comprises a noble metal.