Assays for measuring cardiotoxicity
The current disclosure relates to technology for predicting cardiotoxicity of compounds. In vitro methods using human stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes cultured in specific media are disclosed, as well as kits for use in the method. In the method, the cells are treated with a test compound in combination with a mitochondrial toxicant.
1. A method for predicting the cardiotoxicity of at least one test compound A, said method comprising:
(a) culturing human stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes in a medium comprising fatty acids and carnitine and not comprising glucose and galactose;
(b) treating the human stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes of step (a) with the at least one test compound A in the presence of a mitochondrial toxicant;
(c) examining the human stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes for the cardiotoxic effect resulting from the treatment of step (b); and
(d) comparing the results of step (c) with results obtained with control human stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one test compound A is a receptor ligand for at least one receptor, or a modulator of a kinase, or a modulator of a phosphatase, or a modulator of an enzyme.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said at least one test compound A is a receptor ligand for at least one receptor and said receptor is expressed by the human stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one test compound A is an antibody.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the human stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes are cultured in step (a) and/or treated in step (b) in the presence of a further receptor ligand for the at least one receptor, or a further modulator of the kinase, or a further modulator of the phosphatase, or a further modulator of the enzyme.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the at least one test compound A is an agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist or an allosteric modulator of said at least one receptor or an inhibitor or stimulator of said kinase, phosphatase or enzyme.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein examining in step (c) is performed using an assay selected from the group consisting of an assay for determining ATP levels in the cardiomyocyte cells, assays for determining oxidative phosphorylation enzyme activity, assays for determining mitochondrial membrane potential, assay for determining basal respiration of the cardiomyocyte cells, assay to measure ATP turnover, assay to measure proton leak or assays to measure maximal respiration.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the human stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes provided in step (a) are cultured in a medium comprising about 0. 1 micromolar to 1 millimolar fatty acids and 0.5 mM (millimolar) to 3.5 mM of camitine, but not comprising glucose and galactose.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the human stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes that are provided in step (a) are obtained by proliferating human stem-cells in a first medium, followed by maturating the obtained cells in a second medium, followed by culturing the cells in a third medium, and wherein said third medium is a medium comprising fatty acids and carnitine and not comprising glucose and galactose.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the human stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes provided in step (a) are cultured in said medium without glucose and galactose for a period of between 12-120 hours.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the human stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes are treated in step (b) for a period of between 12-120 hours.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mitochondrial toxicant is selected from the group consisting of anthracyclines including doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, valrubicin, and mitoxantrone, and combinations thereof.
13. The method of claim 2 , wherein the at least one receptor is the human ERBB2 receptor.
14. The method of claim 5 , wherein the further receptor ligand is Neuregulin.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mitochondrial toxicant is a cardiotoxic compound.
16. The method of claim 2 , wherein said at least one test compound A is a receptor ligand for at least one receptor and said receptor is a cell surface receptor.