3D printing of graphene (oxide) composites
The invention provides a method for printing a 3D printed object ( 100 ), the 3D printed object ( 100 ) comprising a first type of printed material ( 1120 ) having electrically conductive properties and a second type of printed material ( 2120 ) having electrically insulating properties, wherein the method comprises: (I) providing printable material ( 110 ), wherein the printable material ( 110 ) has electrically insulating properties and wherein the printable material ( 110 ) is convertible by heat to a material ( 1110,1120 ) having electrically conductive properties; (II) printing with a 3D printer ( 500 ) said printable material ( 110 ) to generate printed material ( 120 ); and (III) subjecting to heat part of the printed material ( 120 ) after deposition; to provide said 3D printed object ( 100 ).
1. A method for printing a 3D printed object of a first type of printed material and a second type of printed material, the method comprising:
printing with a printer head of a 3D printer the second type of printed material having electrically insulating properties; and
heating a part of the second type of printed material using a heating unit coupled to the printer head and configured to provide heat to the second type of printed material on a flow to convert the part of the second type of printed material to the first type of printed material having electrically conductive properties, the first type of printed material forming a conducting path through the second type of printed material, and wherein the 3D printed object includes at least one part comprising the first type of printed material and at least one part comprising the second type of printed material.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first type of printed material has an electrical conductivity of at least 0.01 S/cm, and wherein the second type of printed material has an electrical conductivity of at maximum 1.10 −5 S/cm.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the heating unit comprises a laser unit configured to irradiate with laser radiation the part of the second type of printed material.
4. The method according to claim 3 , further comprising providing a printable material for forming the first type of printed material and the second type of printed material, the printable material comprising a host material, polymeric material, and one or more of graphite and graphene, wherein the printable material has electrically insulating properties, and wherein the method further comprises removing, at least part of the host material of the second type of printed material on the flow by irradiating, using the laser unit, the second type of printed material, to provide the first type of printed material having electrically conductive properties.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the printable material comprises one or more of graphite flakes and graphene flakes.
6. The method according claim 3 , further comprising providing a printable material for forming the first type of printed material and the second type of printed material, wherein the printable material comprises a host material, a polymeric material, and one or more of graphite oxide and graphene oxide, wherein the method further comprises reducing, after printing the printable material, at least part of the one or more of the graphite oxide and the graphene oxide by irradiating, using the laser unit, the printed material to provide the first type of printed material having electrically conductive properties.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the printable material comprises a polymer comprising one or more of graphite oxide flakes and graphene oxide flakes.