Downhole fluids and methods of use thereof
The present disclosure relates to downhole fluid additives including a clay, a hydroxylated polymer, a cation, and water. The disclosure further relates to downhole fluids, including drilling fluids, spaces, cements, and proppant delivery fluids containing such as downhole fluid additive and methods of using such fluids. The downhole fluid additive may have any of a variety of functions in the downhole fluid and may confer any of a variety of properties upon it, such as salt tolerance or desired viscosities even at high downhole temperatures.
1. A downhole fluid comprising:
a smectite clay;
a hydroxylated polymer;
a cation;
the smectite clay, the hydroxylated polymer and the cation together in an amount sufficient to render the downhole fluid thermally thixotropic at a temperature of 400° F.; and
at least one additional downhole fluid component that is an aqueous component with a pH of at least 9, a density control additive, or a viscosity control material.
2. The downhole fluid of claim 1 , further comprising salt water as a further additional component to all the components described.
3. The downhole fluid of claim 1 , wherein the downhole fluid has a transition temperature of around 150° F. at which viscosity rapidly increases.
4. The downhole fluid of claim 1 , wherein the downhole fluid comprises a density control additive, and wherein the clay, hydroxylated polymer, and cation are a suspension aid for the density control additive.
5. The downhole fluid of claim 1 , wherein the viscosity control material comprises nanoparticles of 100 nm or less in size.
6. The downhole fluid of claim 1 , wherein the downhole fluid is a drilling fluid and further comprises a bridging material, a lost circulation prevention material, a rheology modifier, a fluid loss prevention agent, a corrosion inhibitor, a defoamer, a shale stabilizer, a lubricant, or any combinations thereof.
7. The downhole fluid of claim 1 , wherein the downhole fluid is a spacer and further comprises a surfactant, defoamer, visosifying agent, or any combinations thereof.
8. The downhole fluid of claim 1 , wherein the downhole fluid is a cement and further comprises a cement base.
9. The downhole fluid of claim 8 , further comprising a set retarder, friction-reducer, strength-retrogression additive, set accelerator, weighting agent, lightweight additive, gas-generating additive, mechanical property enhancing additive, lost-circulation material, filtration-control additive, dispersants, fluid loss control additive, defoaming agent, foaming agent, thixotropic additive, or any combinations thereof.
10. The downhole fluid of claim 8 , wherein the clay, hydroxylated polymer, and cation together are a fluid loss preventer.
11. The downhole fluid of claim 8 , wherein the clay, hydroxylated polymer, and cation together are a gas migration control additive.
12. The downhole fluid of claim 1 , wherein the downhole fluid is a proppant delivery fluid and further comprises a proppant.
13. The downhole fluid of claim 12 , wherein the proppant comprises sand.
14. The downhole fluid of claim 12 , wherein the proppant has an average particle size in the range of from about 2 to about 400 mesh.
15. The downhole fluid of claim 1 , wherein the hydroxylated polymer comprises microcellulose or nanocellulose.