Catheters with side openings for modifying and delivering suspensions to a subject
Microcatheters and methods for modifying and delivering suspended particles to target bodily parts (e.g., of a cardiovascular system). Embolization microcatheters and uses thereof in performing local embolization procedures, involving modifying flow characteristics (momentum) of suspensions during delivery. Applicable for delivering embolization material in a small blood vessel towards a target bodily part, and for performing local embolizations in small blood vessels feeding (possibly, cancerous) target bodily parts, thereby forming emboli therein, while preventing or minimizing non-target embolization. An exemplary catheter includes: a tubular wall with proximal and distal wall ends, and a lumen extending therebetween, opened and configured to allow passage of a suspension to a distal outlet; the distal outlet shaped or/and sized to allow passage of both a suspension fluid and particles; a proximal outlet configured to allow passage of the suspension fluid without particles and to block passage of the particles, during delivery of the suspension.
1. An embolization microcatheter for modifying and delivering a suspension to a subject, the suspension includes particles suspended in a suspension fluid, the microcatheter comprising:
a tubular wall comprising a proximal wall end, a distal wall end, and a lumen extending between said wall ends and configured to allow passage therethrough of the suspension;
a distal outlet at the distal wall end; and
a plurality of side openings formed in the tubular wall proximally to the distal outlet,
wherein the distal outlet is shaped and/or sized to allow passage therethrough of both the suspension fluid and the particles,
wherein the plurality of side openings is in the form of longitudinal slits having a longer length and a shorter length, wherein the longer length is parallel to a longitudinal axis extending from a proximal end to a distal end of the embolization microcatheter, the plurality of side openings for blocking passage therethrough of the particles,
wherein the plurality of side openings is distributed around and/or along a section of the tubular wall,
wherein the longitudinal slits have a smallest cross sectional dimension equal to or less than about 100 microns and wherein a total opened cross section of the longitudinal slits is at least about 0.5 mm 2 , such that a ratio of a momentum of the suspension flowing proximally to the longitudinal slits and a momentum of the suspension flowing distally to the longitudinal slits is at least 3,
wherein the embolization microcatheter has a length suitable for performing embolization procedures, and
wherein the microcatheter is configured to prevent back flow during continuous delivery of the particles through the distal outlet.
2. The embolization microcatheter according to claim 1 , wherein said plurality of side openings is distributed around and/or along a section of said tubular wall, wherein said plurality of side openings has a smallest cross sectional dimension equal to or less than about 30 microns.
3. The embolization microcatheter according to claim 1 , wherein the particles configured to be delivered include a solid embolic material and/or a particulate embolic agent.
4. The embolization microcatheter according to claim 1 , wherein the longitudinal slits have a width less than a minimal diameter of the particles, so as to facilitate said passage blocking.
5. The embolization microcatheter according to claim 1 , comprising a length limiting rod-like element extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of said microcatheter across said plurality of side openings, so as to resist and/or prevent elongation of the microcatheter about said plurality of side openings.
6. The embolization microcatheter according to claim 5 , wherein said rod-like element includes lateral extensions in a form of closed and/or opened rings curved in conformity to inner boundaries of said lumen.
7. The embolization microcatheter according to claim 1 , comprising a flow restraining mechanism located in proximity to said distal outlet, and configured to decrease a horizontal velocity component of the particles along the longitudinal axis of the embolization microcatheter.
8. The embolization microcatheter according to claim 7 , wherein said flow restraining mechanism comprises a helix positioned in the lumen of the embolization microcatheter, adjacent said distal outlet, and; shaped and dimensioned so as to increase a lateral velocity component of the particles and to decrease a longitudinal velocity component of the particles.
9. The embolization microcatheter according to claim 7 , wherein said flow restraining mechanism comprises at least one inwardly radial projection originating from an inner boundary of said lumen, configured to resist the suspension flowing thereacross; and wherein said at least one inwardly radial projection includes a plurality of longitudinally spaced opened and/or closed ring elements.
10. The embolization microcatheter according to claim 1 , wherein an outer diameter of said tubular wall is equal to or less than about 4 mm.