Electronic display of compass/map information for rotorcraft providing improved depiction of surrounding obstacles
An avionics display for rotorcraft provides a depiction of 360 degrees of terrain and obstacles about the rotorcraft using a top plan view at above a predetermined altitude that transitions to an angle perspective view as the altitude drops. The display provides improved situational awareness for highly mobile aircraft at critical times of takeoff and landing.
1. An avionics display for rotorcraft comprising:
a graphic display screen;
an electronic processor communicating with the graphic display screen and receiving altitude information and bearing information from the rotorcraft and terrain map data providing three-dimensional representations of terrain, and location and height if about structures on the terrain, the electronic processor executing a stored program to:
(a) at altitudes above a first predetermined altitude, provide an icon for the rotorcraft superimposed over a representation of the data of the terrain map aligned with the location of the rotorcraft from a viewpoint substantially perpendicular to a plane of the terrain; and
(b) at altitudes below the first predetermined altitude, provide an icon for the rotorcraft superimposed over a representation of the data of the terrain map aligned with the location of the rotorcraft from a viewpoint at an acute angle from the plane of the terrain.
2. The avionics display for rotorcraft of claim 1 wherein the representations of data of the terrain map aligned with the location of the rotorcraft show terrain and structures on the terrain in, front of and behind the rotorcraft with respect to the rotorcraft's bearing.
3. The avionics display for rotorcraft of claim 1 wherein the representation of the data of the terrain map is enlarged on the display, depicting a smaller area of terrain in greater detail, as a function of decreasing altitude.
4. The avionics display for rotorcraft of claim 1 wherein at altitudes below the first predetermined altitude, the acute angle from the plane of the terrain varies as a function of the altitude of the rotorcraft.
5. The avionics display for rotorcraft of claim 1 wherein the representation of the rotorcraft provides indications of rotorcraft dimensions below the first altitude matching a scale of the depicted terrain.
6. The avionics display for rotorcraft of claim 5 wherein the representation of the rotorcraft provides a depiction of a bubble circumscribing the rotorcraft matching a scale of the depicted terrain.
7. The avionics display for rotorcraft of claim 1 further including a compass rose aligned with the depicted terrain and surrounding the representation of the rotorcraft.
8. The avionics display for rotorcraft of claim 7 wherein the compass rose is substantially circular above the first altitude and becomes an oval projection of a circle below the first altitude, the projection matching a projection of a circle at the angle of the viewpoint.
9. The avionics display for rotorcraft of claim 1 wherein the icon for the rotorcraft provides a representation of the rotorcraft in horizontal flight from a viewpoint matching the viewpoint of the terrain.
10. The avionics display for rotorcraft of claim wherein the first altitude is greater than 100 feet.
11. The avionics display for rotorcraft of claim 1 wherein structures on the terrain are depicted as abstract three-dimensional shapes above the first altitude and are depicted as representational shapes below the first altitude.
12. The avionics display for rotorcraft of claim 1 wherein above the first altitude, the height of the terrain and structures are represented by color.
13. The avionics display for rotorcraft of claim 1 wherein an orientation of the representation of the rotorcraft on the display is fixed with respect to the display and the terrain rotates with rotation of the rotorcraft.
14. The avionics display for rotorcraft of claim 1 wherein a display of structures represents the structures as occupying a predetermined minimum area above the first altitude larger than an actual area of the structures on the depicted terrain and the display of structures below the first altitude increasingly matches the actual area of the structures on the depicted terrain as altitude decreases.
15. A method of depicting a location of a rotorcraft using an avionics display having:
a graphic display screen;
an electronic processor communicating with the graphic display screen and receiving altitude information and bearing information from the rotorcraft and terrain map data providing three-dimensional representations of terrain and location and height information about, structures on the terrain, the electronic processor executing a stored program to: at altitudes above a first predetermined altitude, provide an icon for the rotorcraft superimposed over a representation of the data of the terrain map aligned with the location of the rotorcraft from a viewpoint substantially perpendicular to a plane of the terrain; and at altitudes below the first predetermined altitude, provide an icon for the rotorcraft superimposed over a representation of the data of the terrain map aligned with the location of the rotorcraft from a viewpoint at an acute angle from the plane of the terrain; the method comprising the steps of;
(a) determining an altitude of the rotorcraft;
(h) determining a location of the rotorcraft;
(c) displaying a depiction of the rotorcraft superimposed over a representation of terrain of the location; wherein a viewpoint of the terrain of the location has an angle that is a function of the altitude of the rotorcraft.