Method of making a single crystal wavelength conversion element, single crystal wavelength conversion element, and light source containing same
There is herein described a method of making a single crystal wavelength conversion element from a polycrystalline wavelength conversion element, a single crystal wavelength conversion element, and a light source containing same. By making the single crystal wavelength conversion element from a polycrystalline wavelength conversion element, the method provides greater flexibility in creating single crystal wavelength conversion elements as compared to melt grown methods for forming single crystals. Advantages may include higher activator contents, forming more complex shapes without machining, providing a wider range of possible activator gradients and higher growth rates at lower temperatures.
1. A method for making a single-phase single crystal wavelength conversion element, the method comprising:
obtaining a polycrystalline wavelength conversion element optionally containing a grain growth promoter by:
combining a precursor material with an organic binder material and optionally a grain growth promoter to form a green state mixture;
shaping the green state mixture to form a desired shape of the polycrystalline wavelength conversion element;
heating the green state shape to remove the binder and form a pre-fired ceramic material; and
sintering the pre-fired ceramic material to form the polycrystalline wavelength conversion element having the desired shape;
attaching a seed crystal to a surface of the polycrystalline wavelength conversion element, wherein the seed crystal is attached by using the grain growth promoter at least when the polycrystalline wavelength conversion element does not contain the grain growth promoter; and
sintering the polycrystalline wavelength conversion element at a temperature and for a time sufficient to form the single-phase single crystal wavelength conversion element.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein attaching the seed crystal to the surface of the polycrystalline wavelength conversion element comprises attaching a polished flat surface of the seed crystal to a polish flat surface of the polycrystalline wavelength conversion element.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the single crystal wavelength conversion element comprises a garnet-based phosphor(A 1−x Ce x ) 3 B 5 O 12 , wherein A is at least one of Y, Sc, La, Gd, Lu, or Tb, B is at least one of Al, Ga or Sc, and wherein x is from 0.005 to 0.1.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein x is from 0.005 to 0.05.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein x is from 0.005 to 0.02.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the grain growth promoter is SiO 2 .
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the single crystal wavelength conversion element comprises a phosphor selected from the group consisting of:
(a) (A 1−x Ce x ) 3 (Al 5−2y Mg y Si y )O 12 wherein A is at least one of Y, Lu, Tb, and Gd, 0.005≤x≤0.1, and 0<y≤2;
(b) (A 1−x Ce x ) 3 Al 5−y Si y O 12−y N y wherein A is at least one of Y, Lu, Tb, and Gd, 0.005≤x≤0.1, and 0<y≤0.5;
(c) (A 1−x Ce x ) 2 CaMg 2 Si 3 O 12 wherein A is at least one of Y, Lu, Tb, and Gd,and 0<x≤0.1;
(d) (AE 1−x Eu x ) 2 Si 5 N 8 wherein AE is at least one of Ca, Sr, and Ba and 0<x≤0.1;
(e) (AE 1−x Eu x )AlSiN 3 wherein AE is at least one of Ca, Sr, and Ba and 0<x≤0.1;
(f) (AE 1−x Eu x ) 3 Ga 3 N 5 wherein AE is at least one of Ca, Sr, and Ba and 0<x≤0.1;
(g) (AE 1−x Eu x )Si 2 O 2 N 2 wherein AE is at least one of Ca, Sr, and Ba and 0<x≤0.1;
(h) (AE x Eu y )Si 12−2x−3y Al 2x+3y O y N 16−y wherein AE is at least one of Ca, Sr, and Ba, 0.2<x≤2.2 and 0<y≤0.1;
(i) (AE 1−x Eu x ) 2 SiO 4 wherein AE is at least one of Ca, Sr, and Ba and 0<x≤0.1;
(j) (AE 1−x Eu x ) 3 SiO 5 wherein AE is at least one of Ca, Sr, and Ba and 0<x≤0.1;
(k) (AE 1−x Eu x )LiAl 3 N 4 wherein AE is at least one of Ca, Sr, and Ba and 0<x≤0.1; and
(l) (AE 1−x Eu x )Mg 3 SiN 4 wherein AE is at least one of Ca, Sr, and Ba and 0<x≤0.1.
8. The method of claim 3 , wherein the temperature is from 1700° C. to 1850° C.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the time is from one hour to 48 hours.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method for making the single-phase single crystal wavelength conversion element is free of a Czochralski method.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the seed crystal is a single crystal.
12. A method for making a single-phase single crystal wavelength conversion element, the method comprising:
obtaining a polycrystalline wavelength conversion element by:
combining a precursor material with an organic binder material and a grain growth promoter to form a green state mixture;
shaping the green state mixture to form a desired shape of the polycrystalline wavelength conversion element;
heating the green state shape to remove the binder and form a pre-fired ceramic material; and
sintering the pre-fired ceramic material to form the polycrystalline wavelength conversion element having the desired shape;
attaching a seed crystal to a surface of the polycrystalline wavelength conversion element; and
sintering the polycrystalline wavelength conversion element at a temperature and for a time sufficient to form the single-phase single crystal wavelength conversion element.
13. A method for making a single-phase single crystal wavelength conversion element, the method comprising:
obtaining a polycrystalline wavelength conversion element by:
combining a precursor material with an organic binder material to form a green state mixture;
shaping the green state mixture to form a desired shape of the polycrystalline wavelength conversion element;
heating the green state shape to remove the binder and form a pre-fired ceramic material; and
sintering the pre-fired ceramic material to form the polycrystalline wavelength conversion element having the desired shape;
attaching a seed crystal to a surface of the polycrystalline wavelength conversion element, wherein the seed crystal is attached by using a grain growth promoter when the polycrystalline wavelength conversion element does not contain the grain growth promoter; and
sintering the polycrystalline wavelength conversion element at a temperature and for a time sufficient to form the single-phase single crystal wavelength conversion element.