Diffusion safety system

1. A system to diffuse a power beam, comprising:

a power beam transmitter arranged to transmit the power beam;

a power beam receiver arranged to receive the power beam from the power beam transmitter; and

a diffusion surface arranged to diffuse a portion of the power beam that has been specularly reflected from the power beam receiver.

2. A system according to claim 1 , wherein the power beam receiver includes:

at least one photovoltaic arrangement, the photovoltaic arrangement having at least one surface positioned in a line of sight of the power beam, wherein the diffusion surface is positioned in proximity to the at least one photovoltaic arrangement.

3. A system according to claim 2 , wherein the diffusion surface is a diffuser attached at the at least one surface of the at least one photovoltaic arrangement.

4. A system according to claim 2 , wherein the diffusion surface is arranged to diffuse specularly reflected light from at least one of the diffusion surface, the at least one photovoltaic arrangement, and a protective material positioned above the at least one photovoltaic arrangement.

5. A system according to claim 2 , wherein the diffusion surface is deposited on the at least one photovoltaic arrangement.

6. A system according to claim 2 , wherein the power beam receiver includes:

a transparent covering positioned above the at least one photovoltaic arrangement, wherein the diffusion surface is positioned on a back surface of the transparent covering.

7. A system according to claim 6 , wherein the transparent covering has a front surface bearing an antireflective coating, the antireflective coating selected based on a wavelength of the power beam.

8. A system according to claim 6 , wherein the transparent covering has a diffusion feature integrated therein.

9. A system according to claim 2 , wherein the diffusion surface includes a plurality of lenslets.

10. A system according to claim 2 , wherein the diffusion surface includes one or more diffractive optical elements (DOEs) formed as at least one sheet of polymers applied to a glass substrate.

11. A system according to claim 2 , wherein the diffusion surface includes one or more diffractive optical elements (DOEs) etched directly into glass.

12. A system according to claim 2 , wherein the diffusion surface includes one or more micro-lens arrays (HLAs).

13. A power beaming system, comprising:

a power beam transmission source arranged to generate a laser light beam for transmission from a first location toward a second location, the first and second locations remote from each other;

a beam-shaping element at the first location arranged to shape the laser light beam;

at least one diffusion element at the first location arranged to uniformly distribute light of the shaped laser light beam; and

a projection element at the first location arranged to illuminate a power beam receiving element of predetermined shape with the shaped laser light beam.

14. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , wherein the power beam transmission source includes at least one of a laser diode, a gas laser, or a fiber laser, wherein the laser light beam has a determined divergence, the determined divergence different in vertical and horizontal directions.

15. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , wherein the beam-shaping element includes at least one anamorphic prism or at least one cylindrical lens.

16. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , wherein the beam-shaping element includes at least one non-spherical lens arranged to form a uniform circular beam, square beam, or rectangular beam from a non-uniform beam.

17. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , wherein the at least one diffusion element is arranged to increase an apparent angular size (AAS) of the shaped laser light beam.

18. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , wherein the at least one diffusion element is arranged to produce a geometrically symmetric distribution of the shaped laser light beam.

19. A power beaming system according to claim 18 , wherein the at least one diffusion element includes an internally-reflective tube.

20. A power beaming system according to claim 18 , wherein the at least one diffusion element includes an arrangement of microlenses.

21. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , comprising:

a condenser lens positioned to direct central rays of light from the at least one diffusion element toward a central portion of the projection element.

22. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , comprising:

an optical relay element positioned to reduce an intensity of light reaching the at least one diffusion element.

23. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , comprising:

an optical relay element positioned to enlarge a beam of light by at least 50 percent and to reduce angular divergence of the beam of light by a corresponding factor.

24. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , comprising:

an optical relay element positioned to enlarge a beam of light by at least 300 percent and to reduce angular divergence of the beam of light by a corresponding factor.

25. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , comprising:

an optical relay element positioned to enlarge a beam of light and to reduce angular divergence of the beam of light by a corresponding factor; and

a field lens positioned between the optical relay element and the at least one diffusion element.

26. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , comprising:

an optical relay element positioned to enlarge a beam of light and to reduce angular divergence of the beam of light by a corresponding factor; and

a field lens integrated with the diffusion element.

27. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , wherein the projection element is at least one of a zoom lens and a varifocal lens, the zoom lens and the varifocal lens selectably positionable to match the shaped laser light beam to a size and shape of the power beaming receiving element over a range of power beaming receiving element sizes and distances from the first location.

28. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , wherein an angular distribution of light from the diffusion element is manually selectable to substantially fill a projection element aperture for a range of projection element focal lengths.

29. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , wherein an angular distribution of light from the diffusion element is automatically selectable to substantially fill a projection element aperture for a range of projection element focal lengths.

30. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , wherein a beam width and a light distribution of the shaped laser light is matched to a projection element aperture by varying a position of the diffusion element.

31. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , wherein a beam width and a light distribution of the shaped laser light is matched to a projection element aperture by varying divergence of the shaped laser light entering an internally-reflective homogenizer.

32. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , wherein the power beam transmission source includes a plurality of power beam transmission sources arranged to provide a plurality of parallel laser light beams.

33. A power beaming system according to claim 32 , wherein the projection element includes a plurality of projection elements positioned slightly off-axis relative to each other, wherein respective light beams passed from each of the plurality of projection elements are arranged to converge on the power beam receiving element.

34. A power beaming system according to claim 33 , wherein the plurality of projection elements includes one or more field lenses.

35. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , wherein the projection element includes a plurality of projection lenses closely packed and aligned to increase an effective apparent angular size (AAS).

36. A power beaming system according to claim 13 , wherein the projection element includes a plurality of projection lenses spaced apart and aligned to increase an effective apparent angular size (AAS).

37. A method of power beam diffusion, comprising:

generating a laser light beam, the laser light beam being a high-flux laser light beam;

passing the laser light beam through a beam-shaping element to form a shaped laser light beam;

uniformly distributing light of the shaped laser light beam with a first diffusing element;

passing the shaped laser light beam having the uniformly distributing light to a projecting element as a high-flux light beam;

projecting the high-flux light beam toward a light-based receiver;

receiving at least a portion of the high-flux light beam with a receiver optics and control module; and

diffusing, with a second diffusing element, at least a portion of the high-flux light beam that has been reflected from the receiver optics and control module.

38. A method of power beam diffusion according to claim 37 , wherein the beam shaping element and the projection element cooperate to illuminate a power beam receiving element of the receiver optics and control module with the high-flux light beam, the high-flux light beam formed having a predetermined shape and the power beam receiving element having the predetermined shape.

39. A method of power beam diffusion according to claim 37 , wherein uniformly distributing light of the shaped laser light beam includes increasing an apparent angular size (AAS) of the shaped laser light beam.

40. A method of power beam diffusion according to claim 37 , wherein uniformly distributing light of the shaped laser light beam includes producing a geometrically symmetric distribution of the shaped laser light beam.

41. A method of power beam diffusion according to claim 37 , comprising:

reducing, with an optical relay element, an intensity of light reaching the at least one diffusion element.

42. A method of power beam diffusion according to claim 37 , comprising:

enlarging, with an optical relay element, the shaped laser light beam by at least 50 percent; and

reducing angular divergence of the shaped laser light beam by a factor corresponding to the enlarging.

43. A method of power beam diffusion according to claim 37 , comprising:

enlarging, with an optical relay element, the shaped laser light beam by at least 300 percent; and

reducing angular divergence of the shaped laser light beam by a factor corresponding to the enlarging.

44. A method of power beam diffusion according to claim 37 , wherein projecting the high-flux light beam toward a light-based receiver includes:

selectably positioning a zoom lens or a varifocal lens to match the shaped laser light beam having the uniformly distributing light to a size and shape of a power beam receiving element of the receiver optics and control module.

45. A power beaming system according to claim 44 , wherein selectably positioning the zoom lens or the varifocal lens includes manually positioning the zoom lens or the varifocal lens to substantially fill a projection element aperture.

46. A power beaming system according to claim 44 , wherein selectably positioning the zoom lens or the varifocal lens includes automatically positioning the zoom lens or the varifocal lens to substantially fill a projection element aperture.

47. A method of power beam diffusion according to claim 37 , wherein projecting the high-flux light beam toward a light-based receiver includes:

varying a position of the diffusion element.

48. A method of power beam diffusion according to claim 37 , wherein generating the laser light beam includes generating a plurality of parallel high-flux laser light beams.

49. A method of power beam diffusion according to claim 48 , wherein projecting the high-flux light beam toward the light-based receiver includes aligning the plurality of parallel high-flux laser light beams slightly off-axis relative to each other to converge the projected high-flux light beam on a power beam receiving element of the receiver optics and control module.