Method for producing biohydrocarbons
The present invention relates to a method of producing biohydrocarbons which includes providing an isomeric raw material obtained from a bio-renewable feedstock, such as by deoxygenation, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrotreatment or hydrocracking, and containing at least 65 wt. % iso-paraffins, and thermally cracking the isomeric raw material to produce biohydrocarbons at a temperature (coil outlet temperature) of at most 825° C. The biohydrocarbons can further be polymerized to obtain bio-polymers such as polyolefins, polypropylene, polyethylene or copolymers such as polyethylene terephthalate.
1. A method for producing biohydrocarbons, the method comprising:
providing an isomeric raw material obtained from a bio-renewable feedstock and containing at least 75 wt.-% iso-paraffins; and
thermally cracking the isomeric raw material to produce biohydrocarbons via a cracker,
wherein the thermal cracking is conducted at a coil outlet temperature (COT) of at most 825° C., the COT being a highest temperature in the cracker.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the isomeric raw material contains at least 80 wt.-% iso-paraffins.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the isomeric raw material contains at least 85 wt.-% iso-paraffins.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal cracking is conducted at the COT of at most 820° C.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal cracking is conducted at the COT of between 700° C. and 820° C.
6. The method for producing biohydrocarbons according to claim 1 , wherein providing of the isomeric raw material comprises:
preparing a hydrocarbon raw material from the bio-renewable feedstock; and
subjecting at least straight chain hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon raw material to an isomerization treatment to prepare the isomeric raw material.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the preparing comprises:
deoxygenating the bio-renewable feedstock,
wherein deoxygenating the bio-renewable feedstock is a hydrotreatment.
8. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the preparing comprises:
hydrocracking hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon raw material.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the isomeric raw material contains at least one of a diesel range fraction and a naphtha range fraction and at least the diesel range fraction and/or the naphtha range fraction is subjected to thermal cracking.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the isomeric raw material is selected from one of Fractions A and B, wherein:
Fraction A contains more than 50 wt.-% or more of C10-C20 hydrocarbons, a content of even-numbered hydrocarbons in the C10-C20 range being more than 50 wt.-%, and the fraction A containing 1.0 wt.-% or less of olefins; and
Fraction B contains more than 50 wt. % of C5-C10 hydrocarbons, the fraction B containing 1.0 wt.-% or less of olefins.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the isomeric raw material is selected from one of Fractions A and B, wherein:
Fraction A contains more than 50 wt.-% or more of C10-C20 hydrocarbons, a content of even-numbered hydrocarbons in the C10-C20 range of Fraction A being more than 50 wt.-%, the Fraction A containing 1.0 wt.-% or less of aromatics and less than 2.0 wt.-% of olefins; and
Fraction B contains more than 50 wt. % of C5-C10 hydrocarbons and the Fraction B containing 1.0 wt.-% or less of aromatics and less than 2.0 wt.-% of olefins.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal cracking comprises:
steam cracking; and
wherein the steam cracking is performed at a flow rate ratio between water and the isomeric raw material (H2O flow rate [kg/h]/iso-HC flow rate [kg/h]) of 0.05 to 1.20; and
wherein the flow rate ratio between water and the isomeric raw material is at least 0.10, and
wherein the flow rate ratio between water and the isomeric raw material is—at most 1.00.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the biohydrocarbons contain at least 15 wt.-% propene.
14. A method of producing a polymer, comprising:
producing biohydrocarbons according to the method of claim 1 ;
purifying and/or chemically modifying at least a part of the biohydrocarbons to provide biomonomers; and
polymerizing the biomonomers to obtain a polymer.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the polymer is a polyolefin or a copolymer containing propylene units and/or polyethylene units, or a derivative thereof; and/or
wherein the method employs at least 50 wt.-% of monomers derived from bio-renewable raw materials, relative to all monomers constituting the polymer.
16. The method according to claim 14 , comprising:
forming an article from the polymer.
17. A mixture of biohydrocarbons obtained by a method comprising:
providing an isomeric raw material obtained from a bio-renewable feedstock and containing at least 75 wt.-% iso-paraffins; and
thermally cracking the isomeric raw material to produce biohydrocarbons via a cracker,
wherein the thermal cracking is conducted at a coil outlet temperature (COT) of at most 825° C., the COT being a highest temperature in the cracker.
18. The mixture of biohydrocarbons of claim 17 , wherein the isomeric raw material obtained from a bio-renewable feedstock contains at least 80 wt.-% iso-paraffins and the thermal cracking is conducted at the COT of between 700° C. and 820° C.
19. The mixture of biohydrocarbons of claim 17 , wherein the isomeric raw material obtained from a bio-renewable feedstock contains at least 85 wt.-% iso-paraffins and the thermal cracking is conducted at the COT of between 700° C. and 820° C.