Sing-junction organic photovoltaic devices having high open-circuit voltages and applications thereof
In one aspect, single-junction organic photovoltaic devices are provided exhibiting high V oc values while employing single-junction architecture. A single-junction photovoltaic device described herein comprises an anode, a cathode and an active layer residing between the anode and cathode, the active layer comprising an organic electron donor and an organic electron acceptor, wherein the photovoltaic device generates a V oc of at least 1.4 V. Uniquely, high V oc photovoltaic devices described herein can be transparent to the majority of visible and/or infrared spectral irradiation in some embodiments.
1. A single junction organic photovoltaic device comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
an active layer residing between the anode and cathode, the active layer comprising an organic electron donor and an organic electron acceptor, wherein the single junction photovoltaic device generates an open circuit voltage (V oc ) of at least 1.4 V.
2. The single junction organic photovoltaic device of claim 1 , wherein the V oc is at least 1.6 V.
3. The single junction organic photovoltaic device of claim 1 , wherein the V oc is in the range of 1.4 V to 4 V.
4. The single junction organic photovoltaic device of claim 1 , wherein the difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the organic electron donor and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the organic electron acceptor is 1.7 eV to 4 eV.
5. The single junction organic photovoltaic device of claim 4 , wherein the HOMO/LUMO difference is 2 eV to 4 eV.
6. The single-junction organic photovoltaic device of claim 1 , wherein the active layer has an average transmittance in the visible light region of 60 percent to 100 percent.
7. The single junction organic photovoltaic device of claim 1 , wherein peak absorbance of electromagnetic radiation by the active layer is in the range of 250 nm to 450 nm.
8. The single junction organic photovoltaic device of claim 1 , wherein the active layer absorbs electromagnetic radiation in the range of 300 nm to 620 nm.
9. The single junction organic photovoltaic device of claim 1 , wherein one or both of the organic electron donor and organic electron acceptor are selected from substituted coronenes.
10. The single junction organic photovoltaic device of claim 9 , wherein the substituted coronenes comprise a coronene core annulated with heteroaromatic moieties.
11. The single junction organic photovoltaic device of claim 10 , wherein the heteroaromatic moieties are selected from the group consisting of benzofuran, benzothiophene and pyridine.
12. The single junction organic photovoltaic device of claim 9 , wherein the substituted coronenes comprise a coronene core annulated with halogenated aromatic moieties.
13. The single junction organic photovoltaic device of claim 1 further comprising a hole transport layer positioned between the anode and active layer.
14. The single junction organic photovoltaic device of claim 1 , wherein the hole transport layer comprises a transition metal oxide.
15. The single junction organic photovoltaic device of claim 13 further comprising an electron transport layer positioned between the cathode and active layer.
16. The single junction organic photovoltaic device of claim 1 , wherein the anode or cathode or both exhibit an average transmittance in the visible light region of 80 percent to 100 percent.
17. The single junction organic photovoltaic device of claim 1 , wherein the anode or cathode or both exhibit an average transmittance in the infrared light region of 80 percent to 100 percent.
18. The single junction organic photovoltaic device of claim 1 , wherein the active layer is pinhole free.
19. An electrochromic device comprising:
an electrochromic assembly; and
a single junction organic photovoltaic device in electrical communication with the electrochromic assembly for switching the electrochromic assembly between light and dark states via application of a photovoltage, the single junction organic photovoltaic device comprising an anode, a cathode and an active layer residing between the anode and cathode, the active layer comprising an organic electron donor and an organic electron acceptor, wherein the single junction photovoltaic device generates an open circuit voltage (V oc ) of at least 1.4 V.
20. The electrochromic device of claim 19 , wherein the V oc is at least 1.6 V.
21. The electrochromic device of claim 19 , wherein the difference between the HOMO of the organic electron donor and the LUMO of the organic electron acceptor is 1.7 eV to 4 eV.
22. The electrochromic device of claim 19 , wherein the electrochromic assembly comprises a single electrochromic layer and a charge balancing layer.
23. The electrochromic device of claim 19 , wherein the electrochromic assembly comprises a plurality of electrochromic layers.
24. The electrochromic device of claim 19 , wherein one or more electrochromic layers of the electrochromic assembly comprise an electrochromic polymeric material.
25. The electrochromic device of claim 19 , wherein one or more electrochromic layers of the electrochromic assembly comprise a metal oxide or mixed metal oxide.
26. The electrochromic device of claim 19 , wherein the single junction organic photovoltaic device is vertically integrated with the electrochromic assembly.
27. The electrochromic device of claim 26 further comprising one or more additional single junction organic photovoltaic devices vertically integrated with the electrochromic assembly.
28. The electrochromic device of claim 19 , wherein the single junction organic photovoltaic device is spaced apart from the electrochromic assembly.
29. The single junction organic photovoltaic device of claim 1 , wherein the, active layer comprises a layer of the organic electron donor contacting a layer of the organic electron acceptor.