Lateral flow assays with thermal contrast readers
Assays used in conjunction with a thermal contrast reader are disclosed. In the assay, the test strip includes materials that can develop a thermal response if a target analyte is present in a sample. Linear flow assays include nanoparticles with high affinity binding to the analyte. Binding of the nanoparticles with an analyte in the sample is detected using thermal contrast. Analytes over a broad range of concentrations are detected in the linear flow assays. Methods of detecting target analytes and kits comprising lateral flow assays and thermal contrast reader are also disclosed.
1. A lateral flow assay device comprising a sample pad, a test strip, nanoparticles conjugated to an analyte binding molecule, a test region, a control region and an absorbent pad configured for fluid communication when a sample is applied and wherein the nanoparticles are from about 10 nm to about 400 nm, wherein the assay device is configured for measurement of a thermal response of the nanoparticles by an infrared sensor and wherein the assay device can detect an analyte over a concentration range of about 3 orders of magnitude or more.
2. The assay device of claim 1 , wherein the concentration range for detection of the analyte is from about 10 −4 mg/L to about 300 mg/L.
3. The assay device of claim 1 , wherein the range of the concentration of the analyte detected is from about 3 log 10 to about 7 log 10 .
4. The assay device of claim 1 wherein the nanoparticles comprise silver, graphene, gold and combinations thereof.
5. The assay device of claim 1 wherein the nanoparticles comprise nanospheres, nanorods, nanoshells, nanohorns, nanocubes, nanourchins, nanoflowers and combinations thereof.
6. The assay device of claim 1 wherein the test region comprises dots and the assay can measure the concentration of the analyte beyond the hook effect.
7. The assay device of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of nanoparticles detected is about 1×10 −2 nM or lower.
8. The assay device of claim 1 , wherein the sample is blood, plasma, urine, stool, saliva or combinations thereof.
9. The assay device of claim 1 , wherein the assay can be archived for future analysis without loss of signal.
10. The assay device of claim 1 , wherein the assay can detect an analyte in a concentration range of about 6 orders of magnitude or more.
11. A method of detecting analytes in a sample comprising:
exposing the test region of a test strip in the lateral flow assay device according to claim 9 to an energy source after contacting the test strip of the assay with the sample, wherein the sample moves through the test strip by capillary action, wherein the nanoparticles conjugated to the analyte binding molecules bind the analyte in the sample wherein the test region comprises capture molecules; and
measuring the heat generated in the test region by the infrared sensor to detect the presence or absence of the analyte in the test region.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the nanoparticles are from about 10 nm to about 400 nm.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the nanoparticles comprise silver, graphene, gold and combinations thereof.
14. The method of claim 11 wherein the analyte detected is CrAg, Tb antigen, hCG, malaria antigen, CRP, biotin/streptavidin or combinations thereof.
15. The method of claim 11 wherein the sample comprises blood, urine, stool, saliva, plasma or combinations thereof.
16. The method of claim 11 wherein multiple different analytes are detected in one assay device.
17. The method of claim 11 wherein the sensor provides a quantitative output of the analyte present in the sample.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the test region is a test dot and the assay detects the concentration of the analyte beyond the hook effect.
19. An assay kit comprising an assay device of claim 1 and a thermal contrast assay reader, wherein the thermal contrast assay reader comprises an energy source, a sensor, I/O circuitry and an opening to receive an assay strip, the reader configured to convert the sensor results to an output signal upon activation of the energy source onto the test region of the assay strip, wherein the sensor is an infrared sensor configured to measure thermal contrast in the test region of the assay strip.