Application of synergized-PGM with ultra-low PGM loadings as underfloor three-way catalysts for internal combustion engines
Synergized platinum group metals (SPGM) with ultra-low PGM loadings employed as underfloor (UF) three-way catalyst (TWC) systems with varied material compositions and configurations are disclosed. SPGM UF catalysts in which ZPGM compositions of binary and ternary spinel structures supported onto support oxides are coupled with commercialized PGM close-coupled (CC) catalysts and tested under Federal Test Procedure FTP-75 within TGDI and PI engines. The performance of the TWC systems including commercialized PGM CC and SPGM UF (with ultra-low PGM loadings) catalysts is compared to the performance of commercialized PGM CC and PGM UF catalysts. The disclosed TWC systems indicate that SPGM UF TWC catalytic performance is comparable or even exceeds high PGM-based conventional TWC catalysts, with reduced tailpipe emissions.
1. A catalytic system for treating an exhaust stream of a combustion engine, comprising
a combustion engine;
a close-coupled catalytic converter configured to accept at least one exhaust gas stream from said combustion engine, the close-coupled catalytic converter comprising a platinum group metal catalyst, wherein the platinum group metal loading is from about 90 to 110 g/ft 3 ; and
an underfloor catalytic converter downstream of, and, in fluid communication with said close-coupled catalytic converter, the underfloor catalytic converter comprising a synergized platinum group metal catalyst comprising a spinel catalyst composition comprising a binary spinel having the general formula A X B 3−X O 4 wherein X is from 0.01 to 2.99, and A and B are selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, zinc, cadmium, aluminum, magnesium, manganese, nickel, copper, cobalt, iron, chromium, titanium, cerium, strontium, lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, indium, and mixtures thereof, and a platinum group metal catalyst, wherein the platinum group metal catalyst of the underfloor catalytic converter has a concentration of about 1 g/ft 3 to about 10g/ft 3 .
2. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein the binary spinel comprises a Cu—Mn spinel.
3. The catalytic system of claim 2 , wherein the Cu—Mn spinel comprise Cu 1.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 .
4. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein the spinel catalyst composition comprises at least one substrate, and a catalyst composition comprising a spinel oxide having the formula A X B Y M 3−X−Y where X is from about 0.01 to about 1.99 and Y is from about 0.01 to about 1.0, and wherein A, B, and M are different from each other, and are selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, zinc, cadmium, aluminum, magnesium, manganese, nickel, copper, cobalt, iron, chromium, titanium, cerium, strontium, lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, indium, and mixtures thereof.
5. The catalytic system of claim 4 , wherein the spinel oxide has the formula Cu X Co Y Mn 3−X−Y O 4 where X is from about 0.01 to about 1.99 and Y is from about 0.01 to about 1.0.
6. The catalytic system of claim 5 , wherein X is about 1 and Y is about 1.
7. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein the platinum group metal catalyst of the synergized platinum group metal catalyst is free of rare earth metals and oxygen storage materials.