Chemical vapor deposition method for fabricating two-dimensional materials
A method of synthesis of two-dimensional metal chalcogenide monolayers, such as WSe 2 and MoSe 2 , is based on a chemical vapor deposition approach that uses H 2 Se or alkyl or aryl selenide precursors to form a reactive gas. The gaseous selenium precursor may be introduced into a tube furnace containing a metal precursor at a selected temperature, wherein the selenium and metal precursors react to form metal chalcogenide monolayers.
1. A method of synthesizing a metal chalcogenide nanosheet comprising:
placing a solid metal precursor in a receptacle;
placing the solid-metal precursor-containing receptacle in a reaction chamber;
transmitting a gaseous selenium precursor through the reaction chamber;
reacting the gaseous selenium precursor with the metal precursor; and
forming the metal chalcogenide nanosheet on a substrate, the substrate being independent of the receptacle.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal chalcogenide nanosheet is selected from the group consisting of: WSe 2 ; MoSe 2 ; NbSe 2 ; PtSe 2 ; ReSe 2 ; TaSe 2 ; TiSe 2 ; ZrSe 2 ; ScSe 2 ; VSe 2 ; GaSe; Ga 2 Se 3 ; Bi 2 Se 3 ; GeSe; InSe; In 2 Se 3 ; SnSe 2 ; SnSe; SbSe 3 ; ZrSe 3 ; MnIn 2 Se 4 ; MgIn 2 Se 4 ; Pb 2 Bi 2 Se 5 ; SnPSe 3 ; and PdPSe; and alloys and doped derivatives thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor is selected from the group consisting of: a metal; a metal diselenide bulk powder; a metal oxide; an inorganic precursor; an organometallic precursor; a metal alkyl precursor; an ethylhexanoate salt; and bis(ethylbenzene)molybdenum.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous selenium precursor is selected from the group consisting of: H 2 Se; an alkyl selenide; and an aryl selenide.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising reacting the gaseous selenium precursor with the metal precursor in the presence of a reducing gas.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising reacting the gaseous selenium precursor with the metal precursor in the presence of H 2 S.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous selenium precursor is mixed with a ligand.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the ligand is selected from the group consisting of: an alkane thiol; an alkane selenol; and a combination of an alkane thiol and an alkane selenol.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber is a chemical vapor deposition reactor.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising reacting the gaseous selenium precursor and the metal precursor at a temperature, or a range of temperatures, between 100° C. and 550° C.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising reacting the gaseous selenium precursor and the metal precursor at a temperature, or a range of temperatures, above 550° C.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising reacting the gaseous selenium precursor and the metal precursor in the presence of an inert carrier gas.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanosheet has lateral dimensions less than 10 nm.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanosheet has lateral dimensions between 10 nm and 100 μm.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanosheet has lateral dimensions greater than 100 μm.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein reacting the gaseous selenium precursor with the metal precursor is conducted at a pressure below atmospheric pressure.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein reacting the gaseous selenium precursor with the metal precursor is conducted at atmospheric pressure.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein reacting the gaseous selenium precursor with the metal precursor is conducted at a pressure above atmospheric pressure.