Spray dried emulsifier compositions, methods for their preparation, and their use in oil-based drilling fluid compositions
Spray dried emulsifier compositions are described, which have desirable emulsifying and wetting characteristics. Among other advantages, the solid particulate emulsifier compositions greatly reduce transportation costs and simplify the logistics and environmental concerns associated with shipping large volumes of solvent-containing liquids. The emulsifier comprises (1) a carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate or (2) a modified tall oil or (3) a blend of (1) and (2) that is converted to its alkali or alkaline earth metal salt and spray dried.
1. A spray dried emulsifier comprising an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate, wherein the carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate comprises a reaction product of a fatty acid amine condensate and:
(1) a polycarboxylic acid,
(2) a carboxylic acid anhydride, or
(3) a polycarboxylic acid and a carboxylic acid anhydride.
2. The spray dried emulsifier of claim 1 , wherein the carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate comprises a reaction product of the fatty acid amine condensate and the polycarboxylic acid.
3. The spray dried emulsifier of claim 2 , wherein the polycarboxylic acid comprises succinic acid or adipic acid.
4. The spray dried emulsifier of claim 2 , wherein the polycarboxylic acid comprises succinic acid.
5. The spray dried emulsifier of claim 1 , wherein the carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate comprises a reaction product of the fatty acid amine condensate and the carboxylic acid anhydride.
6. The spray dried emulsifier of claim 5 , wherein the carboxylic acid anhydride comprises succinic anhydride.
7. The spray dried emulsifier of claim 1 , further comprising an alkali metal salt of a modified tall oil, an alkaline earth metal salt of a modified tall oil, or a mixture thereof.
8. The spray dried emulsifier of claim 7 , wherein the spray dried emulsifier comprises the alkali metal salt of the modified tall oil, and wherein the modified tall oil is prepared by reacting a tall oil distillate component and a second component comprising:
an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid,
an unsaturated carboxylic anhydride, or
an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid and an unsaturated carboxylic anhydride.
9. The spray dried emulsifier of claim 7 , wherein the spray dried emulsifier comprises the alkaline earth metal salt of the modified tall oil, and wherein the modified tall oil is prepared by reacting a tall oil distillate component and a second component comprising:
an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid,
an unsaturated carboxylic anhydride, or
an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid and an unsaturated carboxylic anhydride.
10. The spray dried emulsifier of claim 7 , wherein the spray dried emulsifier has an average particle size of about 1 μm to about 150 μm, a bulk density of about 0.24 g/ml to about 0.56 g/ml, and a residual moisture content of less than 10 wt %.
11. A method for making a spray dried emulsifier, comprising:
neutralizing an emulsifier comprising a carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate to produce a neutralized emulsifier comprising an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of the carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate, wherein the carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate comprises a reaction product of a fatty acid amine condensate and:
(1) a polycarboxylic acid,
(2) a carboxylic acid anhydride, or
(3) a polycarboxylic acid and a carboxylic acid anhydride; and
spray drying the neutralized emulsifier to produce a spray dried emulsifier comprising the alkali metal salt or the alkaline earth metal salt of the carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate comprises a reaction product of the fatty acid amine condensate and the polycarboxylic acid, and wherein the polycarboxylic acid comprises succinic acid or adipic acid.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate comprises a reaction product of the fatty acid amine condensate and the carboxylic acid anhydride, and wherein the carboxylic acid anhydride comprises succinic anhydride.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the neutralized emulsifier further comprises an alkali metal salt of a modified tall oil, an alkaline earth metal salt of a modified tall oil, or a mixture thereof.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the emulsifier is neutralized at a temperature of about 50° C. to about 100° C., and wherein the neutralized emulsifier is spray dried at a temperature of about 1 80° C. to about 250° C.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein emulsifier further comprises a modified tall oil, and wherein a weight ratio of the carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate to the modified tall oil is about 2:3 to about 1:4.
17. A method for making an invert emulsion drilling fluid, comprising:
combining an oil component, a water component, and the spray dried emulsifier of claim 1 to produce an invert emulsion.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate comprises a reaction product of the fatty acid amine condensate and the polycarboxylic acid, and wherein the polycarboxylic acid comprises succinic acid or adipic acid.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate comprises a reaction product of the fatty acid amine condensate and the carboxylic acid anhydride, and wherein the carboxylic acid anhydride comprises succinic anhydride.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the spray dried emulsifier further comprises an alkali metal salt of a modified tall oil, an alkaline earth metal salt of a modified tall oil, or a mixture thereof.
21. The spray dried emulsifier of claim 2 , wherein the polycarboxylic acid comprises one or more of succinic acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, phthalic acid, trans-2-hexenedioic acid, trans-3-hexenedioic acid, cis-3-octenedioic acid, cis-4-octenedioic acid, and trans-3-octenedioic acid.