Pharmaceutical cyclosporin compositions

1. An oral cyclosporin formulation comprising a solubilized cyclosporin, another active entity and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein the cyclosporin is encapsulated with a gelling agent, and the composition is adapted to delay release of the cyclosporin and to release cyclosporin in the ileum and/or colon, wherein the formulation is selected from:

a formulation comprising solid-, semi-solid or liquid filled seamless minicapsules comprising one or more layers, the minicapsules coated with a polymer composition providing a release profile to release the solubilized cyclosporin in the ileum and/or colon;

or

a formulation comprising minispheres coated with a polymer composition providing comprising (i) a hydrophobic solution comprising cyclosporin and (ii) gelatin in which the hydrophobic solution is encapsulated.

2. An oral composition comprising minicapsules adapted to delay release of cyclosporin and to release cyclosporin in the ileum and/or colon having a coating comprising a polymer composition providing a release profile to release the cyclosporine in the ileum and/or colon having a core comprising a cyclosporin in a solubilised form in combination with another active entity, wherein the non-cyclosporin active entity is selected from a live or live attenuated organism; a live or live-attenuated virus; or a combination thereof.

3. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising cyclosporin and another active pharmaceutical ingredient, adapted to delay release of cyclosporin and to release cyclosporin in the ileum and/or colon having a coating comprising a polymer composition providing a release profile to release the cyclosporine in the ileum and/or colon the other active pharmaceutical ingredient being selected from: a live or live attenuated organism; a live or live-attenuated virus; or a combination thereof.

4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the cyclosporin and said other active entity are comprised in minicapsules or minispheres.

5. A multiple minicapsule modified release composition comprising at least two populations of different active ingredient-containing minicapsules adapted to delay release of cyclosporin and to release cyclosporin in the ileum and/or colon having a coating comprising a polymer composition providing a release profile to release the cyclosporine in the ileum and/or colon; wherein a first active ingredient is cyclosporin in a solubilised liquid form; and a second active ingredient is selected from a live or live attenuated organism and/or a live or live-attenuated virus.

6. A method of treating or preventing HIV replication in a subject, the method comprising orally administering to the subject an effective amount of cyclosporin in a solubilised liquid form included in an oral formulation according to claim 1 which permits targeted release of the solubilised cyclosporin at least in the colon.

7. A method of inhibiting T-cell mitosis in a subject, the method comprising orally administering to the subject an effective amount of cyclosporin in a solubilised liquid form included in an oral formulation according to claim 1 which permits targeted release of the solubilised cyclosporin at least in the colon.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the method of inhibiting T-cell mitosis is further a method for suppressing HIV replication.

9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the minicapsules or minispheres have a modified release coating applied to them, the modified release coating being adapted such that the formulation permits targeted release of solubilised cyclosporin at least in the colon.

10. The composition of claim 9 wherein the coating comprises a polymeric material selected from a methacrylate; ethylcellulose; or a composite of methacrylate and ethylcellulose.

11. A composition as claimed in claim 10 wherein the polymeric material is ethylcellulose.

12. A composition of claim 1 wherein the active entity is a live or live attenuated organism; a live or live-attenuated virus; or a combination thereof.

13. A composition of claim 12 wherein the active entity is a bacteria or genetically modified bacteria.

14. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the bacteria or genetically modified bacteria is a probiotic.

15. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the bacteria are formulated for storage stability.

16. The composition of claim 1 wherein the minicapsules comprise a core, being a hydrophobic solution and the minicapsules further comprise a shell obtainable by gelling a shell solution which is a gel-forming agent.

17. A composition of claim 16 wherein the shell solution is gelatin-based.

18. A composition of claim 1 wherein the minicapsules have the characteristics of minicapsules obtained by utilisation of surface tensions of a hydrophobic core solution comprising the cyclosporin in a solubilised form and a shell solution, which solutions are ejected through a nozzle having one orifice and subject to specific frequencies and which form into a spherical form and fall into a cooling air flow or a cooling or hardening solution where the shell solution is gelled or solidified.

19. A composition of claim 18 wherein the shell solution is gelatin-based and each minicapsule has applied thereto a coating comprising:

a polymeric material selected from a methacrylate; ethylcellulose; or a composite of methacrylate and ethylcellulose.

20. A composition of claim 1 comprising a hard gelatin capsule, a sprinkle, or a tablet containing the minicapsules.

21. A composition of claim 1 comprising minicapsules having a core comprising a cyclosporin in a solubilized form in combination with another active entity, wherein the non-cyclosporin active entity is selected from a steroid, cytokine, antibiotic, immunomodulating agent, anti-tumor necrosis factor, anti-inflammatory agent, salicyl-azo-sulfapyridine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, Neem oil, aloe vera, tripala, turmeric, EPA, DHA, conjugated linoeic acid (CLA), berry extracts, achi, resorcinolic/phenolic lipid, resveratrol, flavonoid, protein, therapeutic peptide, vaccine, antibody or fragment thereof, Tacrolimus, Sirolimus, Hydralazine, DMOG, proply- and/or asparaginyl hydroylase inhibitor, calcineurin inhibitor, cytostatic, interferon, opioid, TNFα-binding proteins Mycophenolate Mofetil acid, curcuminoid, siRNA construct, bacteria, or a combination thereof.

22. A composition of claim 21 , wherein the steroid is selected from a corticosteroid or an adrenal steroid.

23. A composition of claim 21 , wherein the steroid is selected from budesonide, prednisone or hydrocortisone.

24. A composition of claim 21 , wherein the cytokine is interleukin-10.

25. A composition of claim 21 , wherein the immunomodulating agent is selected from azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, or methotrexate.

26. A composition of claim 21 , wherein the anti-tumor necrosis factor is selected from soluble TNF receptor or antibodies raised to TNF.

27. A composition of claim 21 , wherein the anti-inflammatory agent is zinc.

28. A composition of claim 21 , wherein the berry extract is blueberry extract.

29. A composition of claim 21 , wherein the calcineurin inhibitor is selected from Abetimus, Deforolimus, Everolimus, Gusperimus, Pimecrolimus, Sirolimus, Tacrolimus, Temsirolimus, or glucocorticosteriods.

30. A composition of claim 21 , wherein the cytostatic is selected from Anakinra, Azathioprine, Leflunomide, Methotrexate, Mycophenolic acid, or Thalidomide.

31. A composition of claim 21 , wherein the antibody is T-cell receptor directed anti-CD3 OKT3.

32. A composition of claim 21 , wherein the TNFα-binding protein is selected from infliximab, etanercept, or adalimumab.

33. A composition of claim 21 , wherein the curcuminoid is curcumin.

34. A composition of claim 21 , wherein the bacteria is a probiotic.