Reactor and method for making bromides
Bromine containing compounds, such as calcium bromide, sodium bromide and the like, are prepared in high purity and more quickly with less waste by using a process with two bromination stages and often a third step wherein the crude product mixture can be adjusted to meet specific product requirements. In the first bromination stage, the majority, but not all, of a substrate is brominated using a reductive bromination reaction, the remaining unreacted substrate is converted to product in the second stage through another a reductive bromination reaction, although the specific reagents may be different, wherein the addition of bromine and a reducing agent are carefully monitored.
1. A loop reactor comprising an inline static mixer, heat exchanger, reagent feeds, a pH cascade control system configured to control a reagent feed rate through at least one reagent feed and an oxidation/reduction potential cascade control system configured to control a reagent feed rate through at least one reagent feed wherein the loop reactor comprises as reagent feeds a bromine feed and a reducing agent feed, and wherein at least one of the pH cascade control system or oxidation/reduction potential cascade control system is configured to control the feed rate of bromine through the bromine feed and/or the feed rate of the reducing agent through the reducing agent feed.
2. The loop reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the pH cascade control system is configured to control the feed rate of bromine through the bromine feed, and the oxidation/reduction potential cascade control system is configured to control the feed rate of reducing agent through the reducing agent feed.
3. The loop reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the pH cascade control system is configured to control the feed rate of reducing agent through the reducing agent feed and the oxidation/reduction potential cascade control system is configured to control the feed rate of bromine through the bromine feed.
4. The loop reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the pH cascade control system is an automated system for controlling a reagent feed rate by continuously measuring pH in the reactor, calculating feed rate adjustments through a continuous feedback loop using measured pH values, a desired pH value, and existing feed rate set points, and then automatically resetting the feed rate; and the oxidation/reduction potential cascade control is an automated system for controlling a reagent feed rate by continuously measuring oxidation/reduction potential in the reactor, calculating feed rate adjustments through a continuous feedback loop using measured oxidation/reduction potential values, a desired oxidation/reduction potential value, and existing feed rate set points, and then automatically resetting the feed rate.
5. The loop reactor according to claim 4 , wherein the pH cascade control system is configured to control the feed rate of bromine through the bromine feed, and the oxidation/reduction potential cascade control system is configured to control the feed rate of reducing agent through the reducing agent feed.
6. The loop reactor according to claim 4 , wherein the pH cascade control system is configured to control the feed rate of reducing agent through the reducing agent feed and the oxidation/reduction potential cascade control system is configured to control the feed rate of bromine through the bromine feed.
7. A reactor system comprising a first stage reactor and a second stage reactor, wherein the second stage rector comprises the loop reactor according to claim 4 , and wherein a reaction mixture prepared in the first stage reactor is fed into the second stage reactor.
8. The reactor system according to claim 7 , wherein the first stage reactor comprises an agitated vessel.
9. The reactor system according to claim 7 , wherein the first stage reactor comprises a loop reactor comprising an inline static mixer and heat exchanger.
10. The reactor system according to claim 9 , wherein the loop reactor of the first stage reactor further comprises a surge vessel.
11. A reactor system comprising a first stage reactor and a second stage reactor, wherein the second stage rector comprises the loop reactor according to claim 5 , and wherein a reaction mixture prepared in the first stage reactor is fed into the second stage reactor.
12. The reactor system according to claim 11 , wherein the first stage reactor comprises an agitated vessel.
13. The reactor system according to claim 11 , wherein the first stage reactor comprises a loop reactor comprising an inline static mixer and heat exchanger.
14. The reactor system according to claim 13 , wherein the loop reactor of the first stage reactor further comprises a surge vessel.