Piston having an undercrown surface with insulating coating and method of manufacture thereof
A vehicle internal combustion piston and method of construction thereof are provided. The piston includes piston body extending along a central longitudinal axis, having an upper combustion wall forming an upper combustion surface and an undercrown surface opposite the upper combustion surface. An annular ring belt region depends from the upper combustion surface, a pair of skirt panels depend from the ring belt region, and a pair of pin bosses depend from the undercrown surface to provide laterally spaced pin bores aligned along a pin bore axis for receipt of a wrist pin. The undercrown surface forms a central undercrown surface, and a portion of either an open outer cooling gallery, a sealed outer cooling gallery, or an outer galleryless region, wherein an insulating coating is applied to at least one of the portions of the undercrown surface.
1. A piston for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a metal piston body extending along a central longitudinal axis along which said piston reciprocates in a cylinder bore of the internal combustion engine, said metal piston body having an upper combustion wall forming an upper combustion surface configured for direct exposure to combustion gases within the cylinder bore and an undercrown surface opposite said upper combustion surface, with an annular ring belt region depending from said upper combustion surface for receipt of at least one piston ring;
a pair of skirt panels depending from said ring belt region to facilitate guiding the piston within the cylinder bore;
a pair of pin bosses depending from said undercrown surface, said pin bosses providing a pair of laterally spaced pin bores aligned along a pin bore axis for receipt of a wrist pin;
one of an open outer cooling gallery forming a portion of said undercrown surface, a sealed outer cooling gallery forming a portion of said undercrown surface, or an outer galleryless region forming a portion of said undercrown surface, and additionally a central undercrown surface forming another portion of said undercrown surface;
an insulating coating applied to at least one of said portions of said undercrown surface, the insulating coating including at least one of ceria, ceria stabilized zirconia, and a mixture of zirconia stabilized by ceria and zirconia stabilized by yttria; the at least one of ceria, ceria stabilized zirconia, and the mixture of zirconia stabilized by ceria and zirconia stabilized by yttria being present in an amount of 90 to 100 wt. %, based on the total weight of said insulating coating; and
a metal-based bond material, separate from said insulating coating, sandwiched between the metal piston body and the insulating coating to facilitate bonding the insulating coating to the metal piston body,
wherein the metal-based bond material forms a gradient transitioning from a first portion that is 100% made of said metal-based bond material to a second portion that is 100% made of said insulating coating and an intermediate portion between the first portion and the second portion has some of the metal-based bond material and some of the insulating coating.
2. The piston of claim 1 , wherein said insulating coating has a thermal conductivity which is lower than the thermal conductivity of said metal piston body.
3. The piston of claim 1 , wherein the insulating coating includes the ceria in an amount of 90 to 100 wt. %, based on the total weight of the insulating coating.
4. The piston of claim 1 , wherein the insulating coating includes the ceria stabilized zirconia in an amount of 90 to 100 wt. %, based on the total weight of the insulating coating.
5. The piston of claim 1 , wherein the insulating coating includes the zirconia stabilized by ceria and the zirconia stabilized by yttria in an amount of 90 to 100 wt. %, based on the total weight of the ceramic-based material.
6. The piston of claim 5 , wherein about 50 wt. % of the zirconia is stabilized by ceria and about 50 wt. % of the zirconia is stabilized by yttria, based on the total weight of the insulating coating.
7. The piston of claim 1 , wherein the metal-based bond material is formed from the same type of metal as said metal piston body.
8. The piston of claim 1 , wherein the metal-based bond material is formed from a superalloy.
9. The piston of claim 1 , wherein the insulating coating has a thermal conductivity less than 1 W/m·K.
10. The piston of claim 1 , wherein the piston has said open outer cooling gallery with an inlet configured for oil to be sprayed in the open outer cooling gallery and an outlet configured for the oil to exit the open outer cooling gallery, wherein said insulating coating is applied to at least a portion of said open outer cooling gallery.
11. The piston of claim 1 , wherein the piston has said sealed outer cooling gallery, wherein said insulating coating is applied to at least a portion of said sealed outer cooling gallery.
12. The piston of claim 1 , wherein the piston has said outer galleryless region, wherein said insulating coating is applied to at least a portion of said outer galleryless region.
13. A method of manufacturing a piston for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
forming a metal piston body extending along a central longitudinal axis along which the piston reciprocates in a cylinder bore of the internal combustion engine;
forming the metal piston body having an upper combustion wall providing an upper combustion surface configured for direct exposure to combustion gases within the cylinder bore and providing an undercrown surface opposite the upper combustion surface, and further providing an annular ring belt region depending from the upper combustion surface for receipt of at least one piston ring;
forming a pair of skirt panels depending from the ring belt region to facilitate guiding the piston within the cylinder bore;
forming a pair of pin bosses depending from the undercrown surface, the pin bosses providing a pair of laterally spaced pin bores aligned along a pin bore axis for receipt of a wrist pin;
forming one of an open outer cooling gallery providing a portion of the undercrown surface, a sealed outer cooling gallery providing a portion of the undercrown surface, or an outer galleryless region providing a portion of the undercrown surface, and additionally a central undercrown surface providing another portion of the undercrown surface;
applying an insulating coating including at least one of ceria, ceria stabilized zirconia, and a mixture of zirconia stabilized by ceria and zirconia stabilized by yttria to at least one of the portions of the undercrown surface, the at least one of ceria, ceria stabilized zirconia, and the mixture of zirconia stabilized by ceria and zirconia stabilized by yttria being present in an amount of 90 to 100 wt. %, based on the total weight of said insulating coating; and
applying a metal-based bond material in sandwiched relation between the metal piston body and the insulating coating to facilitate bonding the insulating coating to the metal piston body and applying the metal-based bond material to form a gradient transitioning from 100% metal-based bond material to a 100% of said insulating coating wherein the gradient includes an intermediate portion which includes both the metal-based bond material and the insulating coating.
14. The method of claim 13 , further including providing the insulating coating having a thermal conductivity which is lower than the thermal conductivity of the metal piston body.
15. The method of claim 13 , further including providing the insulating coating including the ceria in an amount of 90 to 100 wt. %, based on the total weight of the insulating coating.
16. The method of claim 13 , further including providing the insulating coating including the ceria stabilized zirconia in an amount of 90 to 100 wt. %, based on the total weight of the insulating coating.
17. The method of claim 13 , further including providing the insulating coating including the zirconia stabilized by ceria and the zirconia stabilized by yttria in an amount of 90 to 100 wt. %, based on the total weight of the insulating coating.
18. The method of claim 17 , further including providing about 50 wt. % of the zirconia being stabilized by ceria and about 50 wt. % of the zirconia being stabilized by yttria, based on the total weight of the insulating coating.
19. The method of claim 13 , further including providing the metal-based bond material being formed from the same type of metal as the metal piston body.
20. The method of claim 13 , further including providing the metal-based bond material being formed from a superalloy.
21. The method of claim 13 , further including providing the insulating coating having a thermal conductivity less than 1 W/m·K.
22. The method of claim 13 , further including forming the piston having said open outer cooling gallery with an inlet configured for oil to be sprayed in the open outer cooling gallery and an outlet configured for the oil to exit the open outer cooling gallery, and applying the insulating coating to at least a portion of the open outer cooling gallery.
23. The method of claim 13 , further including forming the piston having said sealed outer cooling gallery, and applying the insulating coating to at least a portion of the sealed outer cooling gallery.
24. The method of claim 13 , further including forming the piston having said outer galleryless region, and applying the insulating coating to at least a portion of the outer galleryless region.