Cathode formulation for survivor locator light
A Water Activated Battery characterized by a) At least one anode selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, zinc and alloys thereof; b) A cathode comprising at least one basic copper salt comprising Cu(OH) 2 combined with a copper salt CuX (with (n−1) the molar ratio between the CuX and the Cu(OH) 2 in the basic copper salt), such that a discharge reaction in saline versus a Mg anode could be written nMg+Cu(OH) 2 .(n−1)CuX=Mg(OH) 2 +(n−1)MgX+nCu) on a skeletal frame, the cathode further comprising a non-hygroscopic soluble, ionically conductive material; c) at least one cavity separating said cathode and said at least one anode; and d) at least one aperture leading to said at least one cavity for the ingress of an electrolyte-forming, aqueous liquid.
1. A cathode material for an activated, deferred-action battery, said cathode material comprising on a skeletal frame, a readily soluble non-hygroscopic ionic salt, and at least one basic copper salt comprising at least one of basic copper sulfate and basic copper carbonate.
2. The cathode material of claim 1 wherein the readily soluble non-hygroscopic ionic salt is selected from the group comprising Copper(II) formate monohydrate [Cu(HCO 2 ) 2 .H 2 O], Sodium ferrocyanide decahydrate [Na 4 Fe(CN) 6 .10H 2 O], Potassium ferricyanide[K 3 Fe(CN) 6 ], Potassium sulfate [K 2 SO 4 ], Calcium lactate pentahydrate [[CH 3 CH(OH)COO] 2 Ca.5H 2 O], Sodium citrate monobasic [HOC(COONa)(COONa)(CH 2 COOH) 2 ] and Magnesium formate dihydrate [C 2 H 2 MgO 4 .2H 2 O].
3. The cathode material of claim 1 further comprising a kaolin.
4. The cathode material of claim 1 further comprising an electronically conductive material that is optionally selected from the group comprising graphite, carbon black and carbon fibers.
5. The cathode material of claim 1 further comprising a binder material.
6. The cathode material of claim 5 , wherein the binder material comprises a polymer, a wax or sulfur.
7. A Water Activated Battery characterized by A housing containing;
a) at least one anode selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, zinc and alloys thereof;
b) at least one cathode comprising a readily soluble non-hygroscopic ionic salt and at least one basic copper salt selected from the group of basic copper sulfate and basic copper carbonate;
c) at least one cavity separating said cathode and said at least one anode; and
d) at least one aperture through said housing leading to said at least one cavity for the ingress of an electrolyte-forming, aqueous liquid.
8. The water-activated, deferred-action battery of claim 7 , wherein the basic copper salt of the cathode is compacted and fused to itself and to a skeletal frame to form a heat-fused, conductive, electrochemically active material.
9. The water-activated, deferred-action battery of claim 7 , wherein a portion of a surface of the cathode is formed as open spaces.
10. The water-activated, deferred-action battery of claim 7 wherein the cathode material further comprises an electronically conductive material optionally selected from the group comprising graphite, carbon black and carbon fibers.
11. The water-activated, deferred-action battery of claim 7 , wherein the cathode material further comprises a kaolin.
12. The water-activated, deferred-action battery according to claim 7 wherein the cathode further comprises a binder material optionally comprising a polymer, a wax or sulfur.
13. The water-activated, deferred-action battery according to claim 7 wherein the cathode material is fused to itself by heating during or after compression.
14. The water-activated, deferred-action battery according to claim 7 , where the anode and cathode are configured as parallel flat plates.
15. The water-activated, deferred-action battery according to claim 7 , where the anode is configured as a hollow cylinder and the cathode is configured as a smaller cylinder nested within the anode without contact between the anode and cathode.
16. The water-activated, deferred-action battery according to claim 7 , where the cathode is configured as a hollow cylinder and the anode is configured as a smaller cylinder nested within the cathode without contact between the anode and cathode.
17. A method of fabricating a cathode from comprising a readily soluble non-hygroscopic ionic salt and at least one basic copper salt selected from the group of basic copper sulfate and basic copper carbonate on a skeletal frame, comprising fusing the cathode material to itself by heating during or after compression.