Animal feed preservative, supplement and methods
Embodiments herein relate to animal feed preservatives including byproducts containing levulinic acid and methods of making and using the same. In an embodiment, a method of making an animal feed preservative is included. The method can include obtaining an acidic byproduct of a manufacturing process. The acidic byproduct can include at least about 1% by weight levulinic acid or a salt thereof. The method can further include mixing the acidic byproduct with a base to form the animal feed preservative. The animal feed preservative can include at least about 5 wt. % of the acid byproduct. In various embodiments, a method of reducing the amount of mycotoxins formed in an animal feed product during storage is included. In various embodiments, an animal feed preservative or supplement is included. Other embodiments are also included herein.
1. An animal feed preservative comprising:
10% to 75% by weight of propionic acid or a salt thereof;
at least 10% by weight of an acidic byproduct of a manufacturing process, the acidic byproduct comprising at least 5% by weight of levulinic acid or a salt thereof and at least 5% by weight of hydrochloric acid;
at least 0.5% by weight of at least one carboxylic acid or a salt thereof; and
wherein the pH of the animal feed preservative is from 4.0 to 8.0.
2. The animal feed preservative of claim 1 , the at least one carboxylic acid or a salt thereof comprising acetic acid or salt thereof.
3. The animal feed preservative of claim 2 , further comprising at least 5 wt. % acetic acid or a salt thereof.
4. The animal feed preservative of claim 1 , the acidic byproduct further comprising at least 10 wt. % levulinic acid.
5. The animal feed preservative of claim 1 , the acidic byproduct further comprising at least 10 wt. % hydrochloric acid.
6. The animal feed preservative of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the animal feed preservative is from 5.0 to 7.0.
7. The animal feed preservative of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of sorbic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, malic acid, their conjugate bases, or combinations thereof.
8. The animal feed preservative of claim 1 , further comprising at least 1 wt. % polymerized Maillard reaction products.
9. The animal feed preservative of claim 1 , the acidic byproduct being a byproduct of a glucosamine manufacturing process, the acidic byproduct further comprising a residual amount of glucosamine from 0.5 wt. % to 5 wt. %.
10. The animal feed preservative of claim 1 , further comprising melanoidins.
11. An animal feed supplement comprising:
10% to 75% by weight of propionic acid or a salt thereof;
at least 10% by weight of an acidic byproduct of a manufacturing process, the acidic byproduct at least 5% by weight of hydrochloric acid; and
at least 0.5% by weight of acetic acid or a salt thereof.
12. The animal feed supplement of claim 11 , comprising at least 5 wt. % acetic acid or a salt thereof.
13. The animal feed supplement of claim 11 , the acidic byproduct further comprising at least 10 wt. % levulinic acid or a salt thereof.
14. The animal feed supplement of claim 11 , the acidic byproduct further comprising at least 10 wt. % hydrochloric acid.
15. The animal feed supplement of claim 11 , further comprising at least one of sorbic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, malic acid, their conjugate bases, or combinations thereof.
16. The animal feed supplement of claim 11 , further comprising at least 1 wt. % polymerized Maillard reaction products.
17. The animal feed preservative of claim 1 , further comprising at least 25 wt. % acidic byproduct of a manufacturing process.
18. The animal feed supplement of claim 11 , further comprising at least 25 wt. % acidic byproduct of a manufacturing process.