Stand alone microfluidic analytical chip device

1. An analytical device comprising:

a signal readout system, having

a card reader having a test card receptacle,

at least one sample analysis element, and

a data gathering and processing element, wherein plurality of sample analysis detection elements, the data processing element and the data transmission element are communicatively connected by a communication element, and wherein the card reader receptacle is configured to accept a test card comprising:

a pump-free microfluidic system, having

a sample extraction location,

at least one sample preparation location,

a plurality of microfluidic channels on a non-recessed surface, the plurality of microfluidic channels being defined by regions of the surface having different hydrophilicity relative to other areas of the surface, at least some of the microfluidic channels being configured to promote movement of fluid from the sample extraction location to the sample preparation location in the absence of a pressure applied to the fluid, and

at least one sample analytical chamber comprising one or more of a electrochemical analysis chamber, an optical analysis chamber, a biomaterial analysis chamber, or a spectrophotometry chamber,

wherein the sample extraction location, the sample preparation location, and the at least one sample analytical chamber are interconnected by at least one of the plurality of microfluidic channels on a first substrate having the surface, wherein:

the signal readout system is configured to receive from a microfluidic analytical chip of the pump-free microfluidic system instructions specifying, at least in part, one or more optical modes of measuring the fluid and execute the instructions to measure the fluid with the one or more optical modes.

2. The analytical device of claim 1 , further comprising a test card interface configured to electrically connect the communication element to an electrochemical sensor of the test card.

3. The analytical device of claim 1 , further comprising a data transmission element.

4. An arrangement comprising:

a signal readout system, having

a card reader having a test card receptacle,

at least one sample analysis element, and

a data gathering and processing element, wherein plurality of sample analysis detection elements, the data processing element and the data transmission element are communicatively connected by a communication element, and wherein the card reader receptacle is configured to accept a test card comprising

a pump-free microfluidic system, having

a sample extraction location,

at least one sample preparation location,

a plurality of microfluidic channels on a flat non-recessed surface, the plurality of microfluidic channels being defined by regions of the non-recessed surface having different hydrophilicity relative to one another, at least some of the plurality of microfluidic channels being configured to promote movement of fluid from the sample extraction location to the sample preparation location in the absence of a pressure applied to the fluid, and

at least one sample analytical chamber comprising one or more of a electrochemical analysis chamber, an optical analysis chamber, a biomaterial analysis chamber, or a spectrophotometry chamber,

wherein the sample extraction location, the sample preparation location, and the at least one sample analytical chamber are interconnected by at least one microfluidic channel on a first substrate, wherein:

the signal readout system is configured to receive from a microfluidic analytical chip of the pump-free microfluidic system instructions specifying, at least in part, one or more optical modes of measuring the fluid and execute the instructions to measure the fluid with the one or more optical modes.

5. The analytical device of claim 1 , wherein the data gathering and processing element comprises two or more of an optical module driver board, and electrochemical module driver board, an optical filter, an optical light detector, an encryption module, or an electrochemical module configured to interpret signals generated at electrodes within the test card.

6. The analytical device of claim 1 , wherein the data gathering and processing element comprises each of an optical module driver board, and electrochemical module driver board, an optical filter, an optical light detector, an encryption module, and an electrochemical module configured to interpret signals generated at electrodes within the test card.

7. The analytical device of claim 1 , wherein the signal readout system is configured to measure the fluid with fluorimetry.

8. The analytical device of claim 1 , wherein one or more optical modes of measuring the fluid comprise a plurality of optical modes.

9. The analytical device of claim 1 , wherein the instructions specify optical cells available on the analytical chip and which wavelengths to use to measure the fluid.

10. The analytical device of claim 1 , wherein the signal readout system comprises:

a source of light,

an optical detector positioned to align with a proximal end of a microfluidic analytical chip card inserted into the receptacle and forming the pump-free microfluidic system.

11. The analytical device of claim 10 , wherein the signal readout system comprises one or more optical filters configured to modify an optical beam in a beam path between the source of light and the optical detector.

12. The analytical device of claim 11 , wherein the optical filters are configured to affect polarization of the optical beam.

13. The analytical device of claim 1 , wherein the signal readout system comprises an electrochemical module driver board configured to detect an analytical signal generated by an electrochemical analysis chamber of the pump-free microfluidic system.

14. The analytical device of claim 1 , wherein the signal readout system is configured to encrypt of data from a subset of optical pathways present in the test card.

15. The analytical device of claim 1 , wherein:

the chemical modification of the surface comprises a functionalization process to introduce oxygen-containing molecules to the surface.

16. The analytical device of claim 15 , wherein:

the chemical modification comprises a region of the substrate previously subjected to plasma-based surface modification leaving products of reactions between plasma species and plasma-broken chemical bonds in the region.

17. The analytical device of claim 1 , comprising:

the pump-free microfluidic system, wherein the pump-free microfluidic system comprises a chip having a substrate that comprises a plurality of microfluidic channels each with a surface functionalized to promote self-flow of a fluid without any internal or external pumping.

18. The analytical device of claim 17 , wherein:

the first substrate is plastic;

the plurality of microfluidic channels are a mask-less, plasma-defined pattern on the surface; and

the surface is a surface of the plastic.

19. The analytical device of claim 1 , wherein:

the sample analysis element is part of the pump free microfluidic system; and

the signal readout system comprises each of an electrochemical analysis chamber, an optical analysis chamber, a biomaterial analysis chamber, and a spectrophotometry chamber.