Electrophoretic particles and processes for the production thereof
Polymer shells similar to those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,822,782 can be formed on pigment particles by (a) physi-sorping a reagent comprising polymerizable groups on to the pigment particles by treating the particle with a reagent having a polymerizable or polymerization-initiating group, such that the reagent will not desorb from the particle surface when the particle is placed in a hydrocarbon medium; or (b) treating pigment particles bearing nucleophilic groups with a reagent having a polymerizable or polymerization-initiating group, and an electrophilic group, thus attaching the polymerizable or polymerization-initiating groups to the particle surface. The zeta potential of the pigment particles can be varied by a process similar to (b) but using a reagent which does not have a polymerizable or polymerization-initiating group.
1. A process for treatment of pigment particles, the process comprising physi-sorping a reagent comprising polymerizable groups on to the surfaces of the pigment particles by treating the particle with a solution of a reagent having a polymerizable or polymerization-initiating group, thereby causing the reagent to become physi-sorbed on to the particle surface such that the reagent will not desorb from the particle surface when the particle is placed in a hydrocarbon medium,
wherein the pigment is negatively charged and the reagent contains a quaternary ammonium salt.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the pigment particle comprises an inorganic pigment.
3. A process according to claim 1 further comprising reacting the pigment particle with the reagent physi-sorbed thereon with at least one monomer or oligomer under conditions effective to cause reaction between the polymerizable or polymerization-initiating group on the particle and the at least one monomer or oligomer, thereby causing the formation of polymer on the particle.
4. A process according to claim 1 wherein the quaternary ammonium salt comprises at least one of [3-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride, [3-(methacryloyloxy)-ethyl]trimethylammonium methyl sulfate, and [3-(methacryloylamino)-propyl]trimethylammonium chloride.
5. An electrophoretic material comprising a plurality of electrically charged particles disposed in a fluid and capable of moving through the fluid under the influence of an electric field, wherein at least one of the charged particles is produced by the process of claim 1 .
6. A process for treatment of pigment particles, the process comprising physi-sorping a reagent comprising polymerizable groups on to the surfaces of the pigment particles by treating the particle with a solution of a reagent having a polymerizable or polymerization-initiating group, thereby causing the reagent to become physi-sorbed on to the particle surface such that the reagent will not desorb from the particle surface when the particle is placed in a hydrocarbon medium,
wherein the pigment is positively charged and the reagent contains an anionic functional group.
7. A process according to claim 6 wherein the reagent comprises at least one of 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt and sodium 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate.
8. A process according to claim 6 wherein the pigment particle comprises an inorganic pigment.
9. A process according to claim 6 further comprising reacting the pigment particle with the reagent physi-sorbed thereon with at least one monomer or oligomer under conditions effective to cause reaction between the polymerizable or polymerization-initiating group on the particle and the at least one monomer or oligomer, thereby causing the formation of polymer on the particle.
10. An electrophoretic material comprising a plurality of electrically charged particles disposed in a fluid and capable of moving through the fluid under the influence of an electric field, wherein at least one of the charged particles is produced by the process of claim 6 .