Selective inhibitors of tumor-initiating cells
Described herein are novel malignancy associated gene signature biomarkers, and assays and methods thereof, to classify prognosis or malignant potential of a cancer and identify cancer-initiating cells. The malignancy associated gene signature biomarkers, assays and methods described herein provide, in part, new methodologies to screen for novel drugs for treating cancers and tumors, such as, for example, triple-negative breast tumors. Using the assays and methods described herein proteasome inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and glycolysis inhibitors, were identified as being highly effective in altering gene expression signatures specifically in malignant or cancer-initiating cells.
1. A method of classifying a cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising:
a. assaying expression of ten or more of 154 malignancy associated response signature biomarkers of SEQ ID NOs: 1-154 in a biological sample obtained from the subject having a cancer;
b. comparing the expression of the ten or more of the 154 malignancy associated response signature biomarkers of SEQ ID NOs: 1-154 in the biological sample obtained from the subject having a cancer with a reference value, wherein increased expression of 1.8-fold or greater of at least ten of the biomarkers in the biological sample obtained from the subject relative to the reference value indicates that the cancer is classified as having a poor prognosis or being a malignant cancer, and absence of increased expression of 1.8-fold or greater of at least ten of the biomarkers relative to the reference value indicates that the cancer does not have poor prognosis or is not a malignant cancer; and
c. administering at least one of a proteasome inhibitor, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, or a glygolytic inhibitor to the subject if the cancer is classified as having a poor prognosis or being a malignant cancer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is a breast cancer.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is a triple-negative breast cancer.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is a Luminal B breast cancer.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is an epithelial breast cancer.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one proteasome inhibitor is bortezomib.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one histone deacetylase inhibitor is trichostatin A (TSA) or Vorinostat.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the malignancy associated response signature biomarkers comprise the expression signature biomarker set consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1; 2; 5; 6; 8; 11; 12; 14; 17; 18; 19; 21; 29; 35; 36; 39; 42; 43; 53; 60; 101; 108; 109; 115; 120; 134; 137; 140; 149; and 151.