DC-DC converter with dynamic feedback loop
A power supply includes a controller integrated circuit that controls a switching operation of a primary switch based on a feedback voltage indicative of an output voltage of the power supply. The controller integrated circuit starts the switching of the primary switch when the feedback voltage reaches a first threshold voltage and stops the switching of the primary switch when the feedback voltage reaches a second threshold voltage. The controller integrated circuit adjusts the feedback voltage relative to the first threshold voltage to reduce the delay time to start switching the primary switch to increase the output voltage in response to changing load conditions.
1. A power supply comprising:
a primary switch that is coupled to a primary winding on a primary side of a transformer;
an output voltage feedback circuit that is configured to generate a feedback voltage that is indicative of an output voltage of the power supply on a secondary side of the transformer; and
a controller integrated circuit that is configured to receive the feedback voltage and control the primary switch based on the feedback voltage, the controller integrated circuit being configured to start switching the primary switch to increase the output voltage when the feedback voltage reaches a first threshold voltage, to stop switching of the primary switch when the feedback voltage reaches a second threshold voltage, and to adjust the feedback voltage relative to the first threshold voltage in response to a load condition of the power supply changing from light load to heavy load.
2. The power supply of claim 1 , wherein the controller integrated circuit adjusts the feedback voltage relative to the first threshold voltage by adding an offset voltage to the feedback voltage in response to the load condition of the power supply changing from light load to heavy load.
3. The power supply of claim 1 , wherein the controller integrated circuit adjusts the feedback voltage relative to the first threshold voltage by lowering the first threshold voltage in response to the load condition of the power supply changing from light load to heavy load.
4. The power supply of claim 1 , wherein the controller integrated circuit adjusts the feedback voltage relative to the first threshold voltage by lowering a feedback input impedance presented to the feedback voltage by the controller integrated circuit.
5. The power supply of claim 1 , wherein the output voltage feedback circuit comprises an optocoupler comprising:
a phototransistor and a light emitting diode, the phototransistor being coupled to a feedback pin where the controller integrated circuit receives the feedback voltage, and the light emitting diode being coupled to the output voltage on the secondary side of the transformer.
6. The power supply of claim 1 , wherein the controller integrated circuit comprises a feedback voltage slope detection circuit that is configured to detect the load condition of the power supply changing from light load to heavy load by detecting that a slope of the feedback voltage is steeper than a predetermined slope.
7. A controller integrated circuit for controlling a switching operation of a primary switch of a power supply, the controller integrated circuit comprising:
a feedback voltage detection circuit that is configured to receive a feedback voltage at a first pin, the feedback voltage being indicative of an output voltage of the power supply;
a burst circuit that is configured to start switching of the primary switch when the feedback voltage reaches a first threshold voltage and to stop switching of the primary switch when the feedback voltage reaches a second threshold voltage; and
a feedback voltage adjustment circuit that is configured to adjust the feedback voltage relative to the first threshold voltage in response to a load condition of the power supply changing from light load to heavy load.
8. The controller integrated circuit of claim 7 , wherein the feedback voltage adjustment circuit comprises:
an offset control circuit that is configured to add a voltage offset to the feedback voltage in response to the load condition of the power supply changing from light load to heavy load.
9. The controller integrated circuit of claim 8 , wherein the offset control circuit is configured to clamp the feedback voltage to a predetermined voltage.
10. The controller integrated circuit of claim 9 , wherein the predetermined voltage is the first threshold voltage.
11. The controller integrated circuit of claim 7 , wherein the feedback voltage adjustment circuit comprises:
a threshold adjustment circuit that is configured to lower the first threshold voltage in response to the load condition of the power supply changing from light load to heavy load.
12. The controller integrated circuit of claim 7 , further comprising:
a feedback voltage slope detection circuit that is configured to detect the load condition of the power supply changing from light load to heavy load by detecting that a slope of the feedback voltage is steeper than a predetermined slope.
13. The controller integrated circuit of claim 11 , wherein the threshold adjustment circuit comprises a variable voltage source that is configured to generate the first threshold voltage.
14. The controller integrated circuit of claim 8 , wherein the feedback voltage adjustment circuit comprises:
an impedance adjustment circuit that is configured to adjust an input impedance presented by the controller integrated circuit to the feedback voltage in response to the load condition of the power supply changing from light load to heavy load.
15. A controller integrated circuit for controlling a switching operation of a primary switch of a power supply, the controller integrated circuit comprising:
a burst circuit that is configured to start switching the primary switch when a feedback voltage that is indicative of an output voltage of the power supply reaches a first threshold voltage, the burst circuit being configured to stop switching of the primary switch when the feedback voltage reaches a second threshold voltage; and
a feedback voltage minimum circuit that is configured to prevent the feedback voltage from decreasing below a minimum level.
16. The controller integrated circuit of claim 15 , wherein the feedback voltage minimum circuit is configured to generate an offset voltage that is added to the feedback voltage.
17. The controller integrated circuit of claim 15 , wherein the feedback voltage minimum circuit comprises an electrical component that develops a voltage drop in series with the feedback voltage.
18. The controller integrated circuit of claim 17 , wherein the electrical component is connected to an impedance that pulls up a feedback pin of the controller integrated circuit, wherein the controller integrated circuit receives the feedback voltage on the feedback pin.
19. The controller integrated circuit of claim 18 , wherein the feedback pin is coupled to an optocoupler that detects the output voltage of the power supply.
20. The controller integrated circuit of claim 15 , wherein the feedback voltage minimum circuit comprises a clamp circuit that is configured to clamp a minimum value of the feedback voltage to the minimum level.