Carbon nanotube-based thermal interface materials and methods of making and using thereof
Multilayered or multitiered structures formed by stacking of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays and methods of making and using thereof are described herein. Such multilayered or multitiered structures can be used as thermal interface materials (TIMs).
1. A multilayered or multitiered structure comprising:
at least a first layer or tier comprising a carbon nanotube array comprising vertically aligned carbon nanotubes grown from opposing surfaces of a first planar substrate, and
at least a second layer or tier comprising a carbon nanotube array comprising vertically aligned carbon nanotubes grown from opposing surfaces of a second planar substrate,
wherein the at least first layer or tier and the at least second layer or tier are stacked and the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes of the at least first layer or tier at least partially interdigitate the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes of the at least second layer or tier which are interfacing each other; and
wherein the multilayered or multitiered structure, when contacted with one or more surfaces of a material, is able to conform to asperities present on the one or more surfaces of the material.
2. The multilayered or multitiered structure of claim 1 , further comprising a coating material on at least some of the interstitial space between the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, surfaces of the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, or both of the vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays present in the multilayered or multitiered structure.
3. The multilayered or multitiered structure of claim 1 , wherein the first and the second planar substrates are formed of a metal.
4. The multilayered or multitiered structure of claim 2 , wherein at least some of the interstitial space between the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, the surfaces of the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, or both of the vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays present in the multilayered or multitiered structure is infiltrated with the coating material, which is solidified within the vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays.
5. The multilayered or multitiered structure of claim 2 , wherein the coating material reduces the resistance to energy transport between the adjacent carbon nanotubes of the vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays present.
6. The multilayered or multitiered structure of claim 1 , wherein the stacked at least first layer or tier and the at least second layer or tier are bonded by a coating material which is an adhesive, a phase change material, or a combination thereof.
7. The multilayered or multitiered structure of claim 1 , wherein the multilayered or multitiered structure is a thermal interface material.
8. The multilayered or multitiered structure of claim 7 , wherein the thermal interface material has three, four, or five layers or tiers.
9. The multilayered or multitiered structure of claim 7 , wherein the thermal interface material has a thermal resistance of about 0.1 to 1 cm 2 -K/W.
10. The multilayered or multitiered structure of claim 7 , wherein the thermal interface material comprises an adhesive.
11. The multilayered or multitiered structure of claim 10 , wherein the adhesive is a pressure sensitive adhesive.
12. The multilayered or multitiered structure of claim 10 , wherein the adhesive comprises a combination of a pressure sensitive adhesive and a thermally activatable adhesive.
13. The multilayered or multitiered structure of claim 10 , wherein the thermal interface material has an adhesion strength of up to about 1,000 psi.
14. The multilayered or multitiered structure of claim 7 , wherein the thermal interface material further comprises a layer or tier formed of a material selected from the group consisting of a heat spreader, a compliant pad, and a gel present within the multilayered or multitiered structure.
15. The multilayered or multitiered structure of claim 7 , wherein the thermal interface material further comprises a dielectric layer present within the multilayered or multitiered structure.
16. The multilayered or multitiered structure of claim 1 , wherein the first and the second planar substrates are metal foil substrates.
17. The multilayered or multitiered structure of claim 16 , wherein the metal foil substrates are formed of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, platinum, gold, nickel, iron, tin, lead, silver, titanium, indium, and alloys thereof.
18. The multilayered or multitiered structure of claim 3 , wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, platinum, gold, nickel, iron, tin, lead, silver, titanium, indium, and alloys thereof.